arXiv subjects

Yonghui Li

Publications and source records attributed to Yonghui Li.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces based RF Sensing: Design, Optimization, and Implementation

Using radio-frequency (RF) sensing techniques for human posture recognition has attracted growing interest due to its advantages of pervasiveness, contact-free observation, and privacy protection. Conventional RF sensing techniques are constrained by their radio environments, which limit the number of transmission channels to carry multi-dimensional information about human postures. Instead of passively adapting to the environment, in this paper, we design an RF sensing system for posture recognition based on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The proposed system can actively customize the environments to provide the desirable propagation properties and diverse transmission channels. However, achieving high recognition accuracy requires the optimization of RIS configuration, which is a challenging problem. To tackle this challenge, we formulate the optimization problem, decompose it into two subproblems and propose algorithms to solve them. Based on the developed algorithms, we implement the system and carry out practical experiments. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the designed algorithms and system. Compared to the random configuration and non-configurable environment cases, the designed system can greatly improve the recognition accuracy.

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arXiv2019

Signal Design for AF Relay Systems using Superposition Coding and Finite-Alphabet Inputs

This paper focuses on the signal design in a Gaussian amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system with superposition coding (SC) being applied at the relay, which allows the source and relay to transmit their own information within two time slots. Practical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations are adopted at the source and relay. To improve the system error performance, we optimize the weight coefficients adopted at the source and relay to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance of the received composite constellation, subject to their individual average power constraints. The formulated optimization problem is shown to be a mixed continuous-discrete one that is non-trivial to resolve in general. By resorting to the punched Farey sequence, we manage to obtain the optimal solution to the formulated problem by first partitioning the entire feasible region into a finite number of sub-intervals and then taking the maximum over all the possible sub-intervals. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed design based on SC over that using conventional time division multiple access (TDMA).

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arXiv2019

Minimizing Age of Information for Real-Time Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Industrial IoT Networks

This paper considers an Industrial Internet of Thing (IIoT) system with a source monitoring a dynamic process with randomly generated status updates. The status updates are sent to an designated destination in a real-time manner over an unreliable link. The source is subject to a practical constraint of limited average transmission power. Thus, the system should carefully schedule when to transmit a fresh status update or retransmit the stale one. To characterize the performance of timely status update, we adopt a recent concept, Age of Information (AoI), as the performance metric. We aim to minimize the long-term average AoI under the limited average transmission power at the source, by formulating a constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP) problem. To address the formulated CMDP, we recast it into an unconstrained Markov Decision Process (MDP) through Lagrangian relaxation. We prove the existence of optimal stationary policy of the original CMDP, which is a randomized mixture of two deterministic stationary policies of the unconstrained MDP. We also explore the characteristics of the problem to reduce the action space of each state to significantly reduce the computation complexity. We further prove the threshold structure of the optimal deterministic policy for the unconstrained MDP. Simulation results show the proposed optimal policy achieves lower average AoI compared with random policy, especially when the system suffers from stricter resource constraint. Besides, the influence of status generation probability and transmission failure rate on optimal policy and the resultant average AoI as well as the impact of average transmission power on the minimal average AoI are unveiled.

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arXiv2019

Wireless Networked Control Systems with Coding-Free Data Transmission for Industrial IoT

Wireless networked control systems for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) require low latency communication techniques that are very reliable and resilient. In this paper, we investigate a coding-free control method to achieve ultra-low latency communications in single-controller-multi-plant networked control systems for both slow and fast fading channels. We formulate a power allocation problem to optimize the sum cost functions of multiple plants, subject to the plant stabilization condition and the controller's power limit. Although the optimization problem is a non-convex one, we derive a closed-form solution, which indicates that the optimal power allocation policy for stabilizing the plants with different channel conditions is reminiscent of the channel-inversion policy. We numerically compare the performance of the proposed coding-free control method and the conventional coding-based control methods in terms of the control performance (i.e., the cost function) of a plant, which shows that the coding-free method is superior in a practical range of SNRs.

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arXiv2019

Hybrid Precoding Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface aided mmWave Communication Systems

In this letter, we focus on the hybrid precoding (HP) design for the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided multi-user (MU) millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems. Specifically, we aim to minimize the mean-squared-error (MSE) between the received symbols and the transmitted symbols by jointly optimizing the analog-digital HP at the base-station (BS) and the phase shifts (PSs) at the RIS, where the non-convex element-wise constant-modulus constraints for the analog precoding and the PSs are tackled by resorting to the gradient-projection (GP) method. We analytically prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate the desirable performance gain for the proposed design through numerical results.

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arXiv2019

Multi-Antenna Aided Secrecy Beamforming Optimization for Wirelessly Powered HetNets

The new paradigm of wirelessly powered two-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is considered in this paper. Specifically, the femtocell base station (FBS) is powered by a power beacon (PB) and transmits confidential information to a legitimate femtocell user (FU) in the presence of a potential eavesdropper (EVE) and a macro base station (MBS). In this scenario, we investigate the secrecy beamforming design under three different levels of FBS-EVE channel state information (CSI), namely, the perfect, imperfect and completely unknown FBS-EVE CSI. Firstly, given the perfect global CSI at the FBS, the PB energy covariance matrix, the FBS information covariance matrix and the time splitting factor are jointly optimized aiming for perfect secrecy rate maximization. Upon assuming the imperfect FBS-EVE CSI, the worst-case and outage-constrained SRM problems corresponding to deterministic and statistical CSI errors are investigated, respectively. Furthermore, considering the more realistic case of unknown FBS-EVE CSI, the artificial noise (AN) aided secrecy beamforming design is studied. Our analysis reveals that for all the above cases both the optimal PB energy and FBS information secrecy beamformings are of rank-1. Moreover, for all considered cases of FBS-EVE CSI, the closed-form PB energy beamforming solutions are available when the cross-tier interference constraint is inactive. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the secrecy performance advantages of all proposed secrecy beamforming designs compared to the adopted baseline algorithms.

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arXiv2019

Dynamic HARQ with Guaranteed Delay

In this paper, a dynamic-hybrid automatic repeat request (D-HARQ) scheme with guaranteed delay performance is proposed. As opposed to the conventional HARQ that the maximum number of re-transmissions, L, is fixed, in the proposed scheme packets can be retransmitted more times given that the previous packet was received with less than L re-transmissions. The dynamic of the proposed scheme is analyzed using the Markov model. For delay-sensitive applications, the proposed scheme shows superior performance in terms of packet error rate compared with the conventional HARQ and Fixed re-transmission schemes when the channel state information is not available at the transmitter. We further show that D-HARQ achieves a higher throughput compared with the conventional HARQ and fixed re-transmission schemes under the same reliability constraint.

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arXiv2019

Hybrid Beamforming for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface based Multi-user Communications: Achievable Rates with Limited Discrete Phase Shifts

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn considerable attention from the research society recently, which creates favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected waves at the surface, thereby enhancing wireless transmissions. In this paper, we study a downlink multi-user system where the transmission from a multi-antenna base station (BS) to various users is achieved by the RIS reflecting the incident signals of the BS towards the users. Unlike most existing works, we consider the practical case where only a limited number of discrete phase shifts can be realized by the finite-sized RIS. Based on the reflection-dominated one-hop propagation model between the BS and users via the RIS, a hybrid beamforming scheme is proposed and the sum-rate maximization problem is formulated. Specifically, the continuous digital beamforming and discrete RIS-based analog beamforming are performed at the BS and the RIS, respectively, and an iterative algorithm is designed to solve this problem. Both theoretical analysis and numerical validations show that the RIS-based system can achieve a good sum-rate performance by setting a reasonable size of RIS and a small number of discrete phase shifts.

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arXiv2019

Optimal Downlink-Uplink Scheduling of Wireless Networked Control for Industrial IoT

This paper considers a wireless networked control system (WNCS) consisting of a dynamic system to be controlled (i.e., a plant), a sensor, an actuator and a remote controller for mission-critical Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. A WNCS has two types of wireless transmissions, i.e., the sensor's measurement transmission to the controller and the controller's command transmission to the actuator. In this work, we consider a practical half-duplex controller, which introduces a novel transmission-scheduling problem for WNCSs. A frequent scheduling of sensor's transmission results in a better estimation of plant states at the controller and thus a higher quality of control command, but it leads to a less frequent/timely control of the plant. Therefore, considering the overall control performance of the plant in terms of its average cost function, there exists a fundamental tradeoff between the sensor's and the controller's transmissions. We formulate a new problem to optimize the transmission-scheduling policy for minimizing the long-term average cost function. We derive the necessary and sufficient condition of the existence of a stationary and deterministic optimal policy that results in a bounded average cost in terms of the transmission reliabilities of the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels. Also, we derive an easy-to-compute suboptimal policy, which notably reduces the average cost of the plant compared to a naive alternative-scheduling policy.

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arXiv2019

Computation Offloading for IoT in C-RAN: Optimization and Deep Learning

We consider computation offloading for Internet-of-things (IoT) applications in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) cloud-radio-access-network (C-RAN). Due to the limited battery life and computational capability in the IoT devices (IoTDs), the computational tasks of the IoTDs are offloaded to a MIMO C-RAN, where a MIMO radio resource head (RRH) is connected to a baseband unit (BBU) through a capacity-limited fronthaul link, facilitated by the spatial filtering and uniform scalar quantization. We formulate a computation offloading optimization problem to minimize the total transmit power of the IoTDs while satisfying the latency requirement of the computational tasks, and find that the problem is non-convex. To obtain a feasible solution, firstly the spatial filtering matrix is locally optimized at the MIMO RRH. Subsequently, we leverage the alternating optimization framework for joint optimization on the residual variables at the BBU, where the baseband combiner is obtained in a closed-form, the resource allocation sub-problem is solved through successive inner convexification, and the number of quantization bits is obtained by a line-search method. As a low-complexity approach, we deploy a supervised deep learning method, which is trained with the solutions to our optimization algorithm. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the deep learning method.

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arXiv2019

Prediction and Communication Co-design for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) are considered as one of three new application scenarios in the fifth generation cellular networks. In this work, we aim to reduce the user experienced delay through prediction and communication co-design, where each mobile device predicts its future states and sends them to a data center in advance. Since predictions are not error-free, we consider prediction errors and packet losses in communications when evaluating the reliability of the system. Then, we formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the number of URLLC services supported by the system by optimizing time and frequency resources and the prediction horizon. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and show that the tradeoff between user experienced delay and reliability can be improved significantly via prediction and communication co-design. Furthermore, we carried out an experiment on the remote control in a virtual factory, and validated our concept on prediction and communication co-design with the practical mobility data generated by a real tactile device.

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arXiv2019

A New Small-World IoT Routing Mechanism based on Cayley Graphs

An increasing number of low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices will be widely deployed in the near future. Considering the short-range communication of low-power devices, multi-hop transmissions will become an important transmission mechanism in IoT networks. It is crucial for lowpower devices to transmit data over long distances via multihop in a low-delay and reliable way. Small-world characteristics of networks indicate that the network has an advantage of a small Average Shortest-path Length (ASL) and a high Average Clustering Coefficient (ACC). In this paper, a new IoT routing mechanism considering small-world characteristics is proposed to reduce the delay and improve the reliability. The ASL and ACC are derived for performance analysis of small-world characteristics in IoT networks based on Cayley graphs. Besides, the reliability and delay models are proposed for Small-World IoT based on Cayley grapHs (SWITCH). Simulation results demonstrate that SWITCH has lower delay and better reliability than that of conventional Nearest Neighboring Routing (NNR). Moreover, the maximum delay of SWITCH is reduced by 50.6% compared with that by NNR.

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arXiv2019

Minimizing Age of Information in Cognitive Radio-based IoT Systems: Underlay or Overlay?

We consider a cognitive radio-based Internet-of-Things (CR-IoT) network consisting of one primary IoT (PIoT) system and one secondary IoT (SIoT) system. The IoT devices of both the PIoT and the SIoT respectively monitor one physical process and send randomly generated status updates to their associated access points (APs). The timeliness of the status updates is important as the systems are interested in the latest condition (e.g., temperature, speed and position) of the IoT device. In this context, two natural questions arise: (1) How to characterize the timeliness of the status updates in CR-IoT systems? (2) Which scheme, overlay or underlay, is better in terms of the timeliness of the status updates. To answer these two questions, we adopt a new performance metric, named the age of information (AoI). We analyze the average peak AoI of the PIoT and the SIoT for overlay and underlay schemes, respectively. Simple asymptotic expressions of the average peak AoI are also derived when the PIoT operates at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the asymptotic expressions, we characterize a critical generation rate of the PIoT system, which can determine the superiority of overlay and underlay schemes in terms of the average peak AoI of the SIoT. Numerical results validate the theoretical analysis and uncover that the overlay and underlay schemes can outperform each other in terms of the average peak AoI of the SIoT for different system setups.

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arXiv2019

On the Age of Information of Short-Packet Communications with Packet Management

In this paper, we consider a point-to-point wireless communication system. The source monitors a physical process and generates status update packets according to a Poisson process. The packets are transmitted to the destination by using finite blocklength coding to update the status (e.g., temperature, speed, position) of the monitored process. In some applications, such as real-time monitoring and tracking, the timeliness of the status updates is critical since the users are interested in the latest condition of the process. The timeliness of the status updates can be reflected by a recently proposed metric, termed the age of information (AoI). We focus on the packet management policies for the considered system. Specifically, the preemption and discard of status updates are important to decrease the AoI. For example, it is meaningless to transmit stale status updates when a new status update is generated. We propose three packet management schemes in the transmission between the source and the destination, namely non-preemption (NP), preemption (PR) and retransmission (RT) schemes. We derive closed-form expressions of the average AoI for the proposed three schemes. Based on the derived analytical expressions of the average AoI, we further minimize the average AoI by optimizing the packet blocklength for each status update. Simulation results are provided to validate our theoretical analysis, which further show that the proposed schemes can outperform each other for different system setups, and the proposed schemes considerably outperform the existing ones without packet management at medium to high generation rate.

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arXiv2019

Interference Exploitation 1-Bit Massive MIMO Precoding: A Partial Branch-and-Bound Solution with Near-Optimal Performance

In this paper, we focus on 1-bit precoding approaches for downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where we exploit the concept of constructive interference (CI). For both PSK and QAM signaling, we firstly formulate the optimization problem that maximizes the CI effect subject to the requirement of the 1-bit transmit signals. We then mathematically prove that, when employing the CI formulation and relaxing the 1-bit constraint, the majority of the transmit signals already satisfy the 1-bit formulation. Building upon this important observation, we propose a 1-bit precoding approach that further improves the performance of the conventional 1-bit CI precoding via a partial branch-and-bound (P-BB) process, where the BB procedure is performed only for the entries that do not comply with the 1-bit requirement. This operation allows a significant complexity reduction compared to the fully-BB (F-BB) process, and enables the BB framework to be applicable to the complex massive MIMO scenarios. We further develop an alternative 1-bit scheme through an `Ordered Partial Sequential Update' (OPSU) process that allows an additional complexity reduction. Numerical results show that both proposed 1-bit precoding methods exhibit a significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain for the error rate performance, especially for higher-order modulations.

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arXiv2019

Complex-BP-Neural-Network-based Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems

The high energy consumption of massive multi-input multi-out (MIMO) system has become a prominent problem in the millimeter wave(mm-Wave) communication scenario. The hybrid precoding technology greatly reduces the number of radio frequency(RF) chains by handing over part of the coding work to the phase shifting network, which can effectively improve energy efficiency. However, conventional hybrid precoding algorithms based on mathematical means often suffer from performance loss and high computational complexity. In this paper, a novel BP-neural-network-enabled hybrid precoding algorithm is proposed, in which the full-digital zero-forcing(ZF) precoding is set as the training target. Considering that signals at the base station are complex, we choose the complex neural network that has a richer representational capacity. Besides, we present the activation function of the complex neural network and the gradient derivation of the back propagation process. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid precoding algorithm can optimally approximate the ZF precoding.

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arXiv2019

A Learning-Based Two-Stage Spectrum Sharing Strategy with Multiple Primary Transmit Power Levels

Multi-parameter cognition in a cognitive radio network (CRN) provides a more thorough understanding of the radio environments, and could potentially lead to far more intelligent and efficient spectrum usage for a secondary user. In this paper, we investigate the multi-parameter cognition problem for a CRN where the primary transmitter (PT) radiates multiple transmit power levels, and propose a learning-based two-stage spectrum sharing strategy. We first propose a data-driven/machine learning based multi-level spectrum sensing scheme, including the spectrum learning (Stage I) and prediction (the first part in Stage II). This fully blind sensing scheme does not require any prior knowledge of the PT power characteristics. Then, based on a novel normalized power level alignment metric, we propose two prediction-transmission structures, namely periodic and non-periodic, for spectrum access (the second part in Stage II), which enable the secondary transmitter (ST) to closely follow the PT power level variation. The periodic structure features a fixed prediction interval, while the non-periodic one dynamically determines the interval with a proposed reinforcement learning algorithm to further improve the alignment metric. Finally, we extend the prediction-transmission structure to an online scenario, where the number of PT power levels might change as a consequence of PT adapting to the environment fluctuation or quality of service variation. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in various scenarios.

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arXiv2019

Interference Exploitation via Symbol-Level Precoding: Overview, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

Interference is traditionally viewed as a performance limiting factor in wireless communication systems, which is to be minimized or mitigated. Nevertheless, a recent line of work has shown that by manipulating the interfering signals such that they add up constructively at the receiver side, known interference can be made beneficial and further improve the system performance in a variety of wireless scenarios, achieved by symbol-level precoding (SLP). This paper aims to provide a tutorial on interference exploitation techniques from the perspective of precoding design in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, by beginning with the classification of constructive interference (CI) and destructive interference (DI). The definition for CI is presented and the corresponding mathematical characterization is formulated for popular modulation types, based on which optimization-based precoding techniques are discussed. In addition, the extension of CI precoding to other application scenarios as well as for hardware efficiency is also described. Proof-of-concept testbeds are demonstrated for the potential practical implementation of CI precoding, and finally a list of open problems and practical challenges are presented to inspire and motivate further research directions in this area.

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