arXiv subjects

Zhi Hua Ren

Publications and source records attributed to Zhi Hua Ren.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Leaky-Wave Antenna for Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring requires sensing techniques capable of delivering stable, accurate, and real-time quantification of glucose-induced dielectric variations. This paper presents a microwave-based methodology that employs a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) to launch localized traveling electromagnetic waves and estimate glucose concentration through phase measurements at a fixed operating frequency. The LWA architecture enhances electromagnetic coupling with the material under test through controlled energy leakage, enabling strong linearity and high phase sensitivity within the physiological permittivity range (relative permittivity 68-70). In vitro measurements using fetal bovine serum-glucose samples demonstrate a total phase shift of 8.51 degree across glucose concentrations from 50 to 255 mg per liter. Preliminary in vivo experiments conducted on two human subjects show strong correlations between measured S11 phase and reference glucose levels (r=0.939 and r=0.906), confirming the potential of the LWA-based sensing mechanism to track dynamic glycemic variations in a proof-of-concept setting. These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach for practical, continuous, and non-invasive glucose monitoring.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2026

Second- and Third-Harmonic Backscatter Through a Bandstop Filter Using Defected Ground Structure

In this brief, a novel harmonic-backscatter-rectifier (HBR) is introduced for simultaneous rectification and harmonic-based uplink. The proposed (HBR) employs a rectifier to generate both DC power and the harmonic carriers for backscattering communication, and a dual-band reconfigurable band-stop filter using defected ground structure(DGS) to modulate the second and third harmonics with low-power consumption and same input impedance at f0 all the time. As a proof of concept, an HBR prototype operating at 1.85 GHz was designed and experimented. An uplink data rate of 8Mbps (4Mbps x 2 ) was achieved when the HBR was fed with -10 dBm RF power, and the data modulation consumed less than 27.7pJ/bit. In addition, a passive harmonic tag was implemented with the proposed HBR and a low-power binary sequence generator, which demonstrated a continuous uplink of 12 kbps at -6 dBm RF power.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2026

Harmonic-Recycling Rectification Based on Novel Compact Dual-Band Resonator

Harmonic generation during radio frequency (RF)-dc conversion causes performance degradation of a microwave rectifying circuit. To suppress and recycle the harmonic power, this letter proposes a novel compact dual-band resonator (DBR) based on a microstrip coupled transmission line. It presents open-circuits at the second and third harmonic frequencies, which effectively block the higher order harmonic for power recycling. The conventional input cascading filters for harmonic rejection can be eliminated, simplifying the circuit topology and reducing loss. Theoretical analyses were carried out and corresponding equations were formulated for the proposed DBR. For validation, two rectifying circuits with/without the DBR operating at 2.2 GHz were fabricated and tested. Using the proposed DBR at 10 dBm RF power, the suppression of the second and third harmonic powers is enhanced by 18.4 and 7.6 dB, respectively. Besides, an improvement of RF-dc power conversion efficiency (PCE) was observed; specifically, PCE reached 73.2% at 10 dBm compared to 71.6% obtained from an equivalent rectifier.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2019

An Irregular-shaped Ring-Pair Magnet Array with a Monotonic Field Gradient for 2D Head Imaging in Low-field Portable MRI

We present a design and the optimization of an irregular-shaped ring-pair magnet array that generates a 1D monotonic field pattern for 2D head imaging in a low-field portable MRI system. The magnet rings are discretized into fan-shaped ring segments with varying outer diameters for the design and optimization. Besides, the inner radii of ring-pairs are tapered from outside in to provide the controlled field inhomogeneity. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used, and a current model for a fan-shaped ring segment was derived to have a fast forward calculation in the optimization. A monotonic field pattern is successfully obtained along the x-direction in a cylindrical field of view (FoV), with a relatively strong magnetic field (132.98 mT) and the homogeneity of 151840 ppm. The proposed array was further evaluated by applying its field as a spatial encoding magnetic field (SEM) for imaging numerically. Due to the field monotonicity, the reconstructed image by applying the fields of the proposed array shows clearer features (a higher structural similarity index) with a reduced error rate compared to that using a sparse dipolar Halbach array. The proposed magnet array is a promising alternative to supply SEM for imaging in a permanent-magnet-based low-field portable MRI system.

physics.med-ph↗

arXiv2018

Portable Low-cost MRI System based on Permanent Magnets/Magnet Arrays

Portable low-cost MRI systems have the potential to enable point-of-care and timely MRI diagnosis, and to make this imaging modality available to routine scans and to underdeveloped areas. With simplicity, no maintenance, no power consumption, and low cost, permanent magnets or arrays are attractive to use as a source of magnetic field to realize portability and low cost for a scanners. However, when taking the Fourier imaging approach and using linear gradient fields, homogeneous fields are required, thus either a bulky magnet is needed, or the imaging volume is too small to image an organ if the magnet is scaled down. Recently, with the progress on image reconstruction based on non-linear gradient field, field patterns without spatial-linearity can be used as spatial encoding magnetic fields to encode MRI signals for imaging. As a result, the requirements for the homogeneity of the field can be relaxed, which allows permanent magnets(arrays) with reduced sizes, reduced weight to image bigger volumes covering organs such as a head. It offers chances to construct a truly portable low-cost MRI scanner. For this exciting potential application, permanent magnets(arrays) have attracted increased attention. A magnet(array) is strongly associated with the imaging volume, reconstruction methods, and RF excitation and coils, etc. through field patterns and homogeneity. This paper offers a review on permanent magnets(arrays) of different kinds, especially those can be used for spatial encoding towards the development of portable and low-cost MRI systems. It is aimed to familiarize the readers with relevant knowledge, literature, and the latest updates of the development on permanent magnets for MRI. Perspectives on and challenges of using permanent magnets to supply a patterned magnetic field, without spatial-linearity nor high homogeneity, for reconstruction in a portable setup are discussed.

physics.med-ph↗