arXiv subjects

Ziheng Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Ziheng Zhou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

ShellfishNet: A Domain-Specific Benchmark for Visual Recognition of Marine Molluscs

Reliable visual recognition of shellfish is important for ecological monitoring and aquaculture, but real-world imagery exhibits substantial variation in acquisition conditions, appearance, and posture. Existing marine vision resources cover diverse taxa and imaging settings, but fine-grained mollusc recognition remains underexplored in a group-disjoint benchmark that jointly evaluates class prediction, representation-space retrieval, and condition sensitivity. To address this gap, we introduce ShellfishNet, a provenance-aware, group-disjoint benchmark of 40,130 images from 100 marine mollusc classes, organized into 30,879 acquisition or observation groups. Rather than treating recognition as a single clean-accuracy leaderboard, ShellfishNet evaluates model configurations across classification, image-to-image retrieval, taxonomic error structure, and controlled condition sensitivity. We benchmark representative convolutional, transformer-based, hybrid and efficient, self-supervised, and vision-language models on classification and retrieval. Separately, we evaluate open image-captioning and vision-language models on the captioning subset and assess selected fixed checkpoints under controlled generic and marine-inspired synthetic transformations. Across the benchmark, image-level and class-aware classification largely agree, whereas retrieval provides complementary model rankings and taxonomy projection reveals that a non-negligible subset of exact-class errors remains correct at higher taxonomic ranks. Selected fixed checkpoints with similar clean accuracy can also exhibit distinct sensitivity profiles under controlled transformations. These results show that model comparison on shellfish imagery should account for both task and image condition, rather than rely on a single clean classification score. The dataset and evaluation protocols will be publicly released.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Transdimensional quantum droplets in an optically trapped Bose mixture

We study quantum droplets in a symmetric two-component Bose mixture with interspecies $p$-wave interactions and a two-dimensional transverse optical lattice. The lattice drives a crossover from an anisotropic three-dimensional gas to weakly coupled one-dimensional tubes. We calculate the ground-state energy and quantum depletion at the Gaussian level and derive their limiting forms. At $y=g_{12}/g=-0.95$, where the bare mean field is repulsive and no free-space droplet exists, the calculated bulk equation of state supports a self-bound minimum across the crossover: a negative lattice contribution at order $n^{2}$ supplies the attraction in the three-dimensional regime, and attractive fluctuations do so in the quasi-one-dimensional regime, with the intermediate, transdimensional range described quantitatively by neither limit. The interspecies $p$-wave interaction modifies only the spin branch. In the parameter range studied, increasing its strength lowers the equilibrium density across the crossover, consistently with a weakening of the induced binding.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2026

Self-consistent effective field theory to nonuniversal Lee-Huang-Yang term in quantum droplets

Quantum droplets (QDs) in weakly interacting ultracold quantum gases are typically characterized by mean-field theories incorporating Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) quantum fluctuations under simplified zero-range interaction assumptions. However, bridging these models to broader physical regimes like superfluid helium requires precise understanding of short-range interatomic interactions. Here, we investigate how finite-range interactions--next-order corrections to zero-range potentials--significantly alter QDs mechanics. Using a consistent effective theory, we derive an analytical equation of state (EOS) for three-dimensional bosonic mixtures under finite-range interactions at zero temperature. Leveraging the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, we demonstrate that interspecies attraction facilitates bosonic pairing across components characterized by the non-perturbative parameter of $Δ$, leading to nonuniversal LHY terms that encode short-range interaction details while recovering previous universal QDs EOS in the zero-range limit. Extending superfluid hydrodynamic equations for two-component systems, we predict fractional frequency shifts in breathing modes induced by these nonuniversal terms. Experimental observation of these shifts would reveal critical insights into QDs dynamics and interatomic potential characteristics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2026

CREBench: Evaluating Large Language Models in Cryptographic Binary Reverse Engineering

Reverse engineering (RE) is central to software security, particularly for cryptographic programs that handle sensitive data and are highly prone to vulnerabilities. It supports critical tasks such as vulnerability discovery and malware analysis. Despite its importance, RE remains labor-intensive and requires substantial expertise, making large language models (LLMs) a potential solution for automating the process. However, their capabilities for RE remain systematically underexplored. To address this gap, we study the cryptographic binary RE capabilities of LLMs and introduce CREBench, a benchmark comprising 432 challenges built from 48 standard cryptographic algorithms, 3 insecure crypto key usage scenarios, and 3 difficulty levels. Each challenge follows a Capture-the-Flag (CTF) RE challenge, requiring the model to analyze the underlying cryptographic logic and recover the correct input. We design an evaluation framework comprising four sub-tasks, from algorithm identification to correct flag recovery. We evaluate eight frontier LLMs on CREBench. GPT-5.4, the best-performing model, achieves 64.03 out of 100 and recovers the flag in 59\% of challenges. We also establish a strong human expert baseline of 92.19 points, showing that humans maintain an advantage in cryptographic RE tasks. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/wangyu-ovo/CREBench.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2026

ARGen: Affect-Reinforced Generative Augmentation towards Vision-based Dynamic Emotion Perception

Dynamic facial expression recognition in the wild remains challenging due to data scarcity and long-tail distributions, which hinder models from effectively learning the temporal dynamics of scarce emotions. To address these limitations, we propose ARGen, an Affect-Reinforced Generative Augmentation Framework that enables data-adaptive dynamic expression generation for robust emotion perception. ARGen operates in two stages: Affective Semantic Injection (ASI) and Adaptive Reinforcement Diffusion (ARD). The ASI stage establishes affective knowledge alignment through facial Action Units and employs a retrieval-augmented prompt generation strategy to synthesize consistent and fine-grained affective descriptions via large-scale visual-language models, thereby injecting interpretable emotional priors into the generation process. The ARD stage integrates text-conditioned image-to-video diffusion with reinforcement learning, introducing inter-frame conditional guidance and a multi-objective reward function to jointly optimize expression naturalness, facial integrity, and generative efficiency. Extensive experiments on both generation and recognition tasks verify that ARGen substantially enhances synthesis fidelity and improves recognition performance, establishing an interpretable and generalizable generative augmentation paradigm for vision-based affective computing.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

AMPBench-MT: A Homology-Controlled Benchmark for Antimicrobial Peptide Potency, Spectrum, and Safety Prediction

Computational AMP discovery is often evaluated through AMP/non-AMP recognition, yet follow-up decisions depend on assay-derived evidence such as target-species potency, hemolysis, toxicity, and selectivity. Existing AMP and peptide benchmarks cover binary recognition, multilabel annotation, assay regression, or broader peptide-model comparison, but they do not jointly place AMP recognition, species-conditioned potency, spectrum, safety-facing proxy endpoints, and cross-endpoint behavior within one sequence-homology-controlled protocol. To address this problem, we introduce AMPBench-MT, a provenance-preserving benchmark that standardizes canonical peptide records and organizes them into binary recognition, species-conditioned pMIC regression, and endpoint-specific potency and safety-facing readouts. Across 161 endpoint-specific model evaluations, high binary performance does not reliably indicate assay-endpoint behavior. Frozen protein-language-model embeddings form the leading pMIC error cluster, while graph and classical regressors remain close. Spectrum labels further reveal that PR-oriented metrics can be misleading under scarce observed negatives, whereas low-toxicity, HC50 hemolysis, and selectivity expose smaller but more assay-facing signals. AMPBench-MT shows that AMP evaluation should move beyond recognition leaderboards toward endpoint-aware evidence auditing. Our proposed benchmark is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/ZihengZhou06/AMPBench-MT.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

BenchEvolver: Frontier Task Synthesis via Solution-Centric Evolution

The rapid progress of frontier large language models has led to widespread benchmark saturation, limiting the ability of existing datasets to differentiate model capabilities or provide useful training signal. For instance, on LiveCodeBench, frontier models achieve over 99% Pass@1 on easy splits and exceed 90% Pass@1 on average across difficulty levels. Constructing new, challenging datasets typically requires substantial human effort, creating a bottleneck for progress. We introduce BenchEvolver, a solution-centric evolutionary framework that automatically transforms existing coding problems into harder variants. Rather than generating problems from scratch, BenchEvolver evolves reference solutions through structured transformations and derives corresponding statements and tests from the evolved solutions. This design grounds generation in executable semantics, enabling scalable construction of high-quality, diverse, and difficult tasks with verifiable correctness. Applying BenchEvolver to LiveCodeBench and SciCode, we obtain evolved tasks that are substantially harder while maintaining validity, reference correctness, and diversity. We further curate LiveCodeBench-Plus, a 91-problem benchmark combining evolved and difficult original LCB-v6 tasks, where frontier-model Pass@1 ranges from 27.5% to 62.6%, restoring clear discrimination among strong coding models. Importantly, evolved tasks remain challenging even for the model that generates them, enabling self-improvement. We further show that RL on evolved LCB tasks improves held-out coding performance: for gpt-oss-20b, seed+evolved training achieves +8.7 and +8.3 Pass@1 gains on LCB v6 Hard and LCB-Pro Easy, exceeding seed-only gains by 70.7% and 34.8%, respectively. Our results show that BenchEvolver can convert saturated benchmarks into frontier-level evaluation suites and reusable training signal.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2026

Cognition-Inspired Dual-Stream Semantic Enhancement for Vision-Based Dynamic Emotion Modeling

The human brain constructs emotional percepts not by processing facial expressions in isolation, but through a dynamic, hierarchical integration of sensory input with semantic and contextual knowledge. However, existing vision-based dynamic emotion modeling approaches often neglect emotion perception and cognitive theories. To bridge this gap between machine and human emotion perception, we propose cognition-inspired Dual-stream Semantic Enhancement (DuSE). Our model instantiates a dual-stream cognitive architecture. The first stream, a Hierarchical Temporal Prompt Cluster (HTPC), operationalizes the cognitive priming effect. It simulates how linguistic cues pre-sensitize neural pathways, modulating the processing of incoming visual stimuli by aligning textual semantics with fine-grained temporal features of facial dynamics. The second stream, a Latent Semantic Emotion Aggregator (LSEA), computationally models the knowledge integration process, akin to the mechanism described by the Conceptual Act Theory. It aggregates sensory inputs and synthesizes them with learned conceptual knowledge, reflecting the role of the hippocampus and default mode network in constructing a coherent emotional experience. By explicitly modeling these neuro-cognitive mechanisms, DuSE provides a more neurally plausible and robust framework for dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER). Extensive experiments on challenging in-the-wild benchmarks validate our cognition-centric approach, demonstrating that emulating the brain's strategies for emotion processing yields state-of-the-art performance and enhances model interpretability.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

PRBench: End-to-end Paper Reproduction in Physics Research

AI agents powered by large language models exhibit strong reasoning and problem-solving capabilities, enabling them to assist scientific research tasks such as formula derivation and code generation. However, whether these agents can reliably perform end-to-end reproduction from real scientific papers remains an open question. We introduce PRBench, a benchmark of 30 expert-curated tasks spanning 11 subfields of physics. Each task requires an agent to comprehend the methodology of a published paper, implement the corresponding algorithms from scratch, and produce quantitative results matching the original publication. Agents are provided only with the task instruction and paper content, and operate in a sandboxed execution environment. All tasks are contributed by domain experts from over 20 research groups at the School of Physics, Peking University, each grounded in a real published paper and validated through end-to-end reproduction with verified ground-truth results and detailed scoring rubrics. Using an agentified assessment pipeline, we evaluate a set of coding agents on PRBench and analyze their capabilities across key dimensions of scientific reasoning and execution. The best-performing agent, OpenAI Codex powered by GPT-5.3-Codex, achieves a mean overall score of 34%. All agents exhibit a zero end-to-end callback success rate, with particularly poor performance in data accuracy and code correctness. We further identify systematic failure modes, including errors in formula implementation, inability to debug numerical simulations, and fabrication of output data. Overall, PRBench provides a rigorous benchmark for evaluating progress toward autonomous scientific research.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Credibility Governance: A Social Mechanism for Collective Self-Correction under Weak Truth Signals

Online platforms increasingly rely on opinion aggregation to allocate real-world attention and resources, yet common signals such as engagement votes or capital-weighted commitments are easy to amplify and often track visibility rather than reliability. This makes collective judgments brittle under weak truth signals, noisy or delayed feedback, early popularity surges, and strategic manipulation. We propose Credibility Governance (CG), a mechanism that reallocates influence by learning which agents and viewpoints consistently track evolving public evidence. CG maintains dynamic credibility scores for both agents and opinions, updates opinion influence via credibility-weighted endorsements, and updates agent credibility based on the long-run performance of the opinions they support, rewarding early and persistent alignment with emerging evidence while filtering short-lived noise. We evaluate CG in POLIS, a socio-physical simulation environment that models coupled belief dynamics and downstream feedback under uncertainty. Across settings with initial majority misalignment, observation noise and contamination, and misinformation shocks, CG outperforms vote-based, stake-weighted, and no-governance baselines, yielding faster recovery to the true state, reduced lock-in and path dependence, and improved robustness under adversarial pressure. Our implementation and experimental scripts are publicly available at https://github.com/Wanying-He/Credibility_Governance.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2025

Commonality in Few: Few-Shot Multimodal Anomaly Detection via Hypergraph-Enhanced Memory

Few-shot multimodal industrial anomaly detection is a critical yet underexplored task, offering the ability to quickly adapt to complex industrial scenarios. In few-shot settings, insufficient training samples often fail to cover the diverse patterns present in test samples. This challenge can be mitigated by extracting structural commonality from a small number of training samples. In this paper, we propose a novel few-shot unsupervised multimodal industrial anomaly detection method based on structural commonality, CIF (Commonality In Few). To extract intra-class structural information, we employ hypergraphs, which are capable of modeling higher-order correlations, to capture the structural commonality within training samples, and use a memory bank to store this intra-class structural prior. Firstly, we design a semantic-aware hypergraph construction module tailored for single-semantic industrial images, from which we extract common structures to guide the construction of the memory bank. Secondly, we use a training-free hypergraph message passing module to update the visual features of test samples, reducing the distribution gap between test features and features in the memory bank. We further propose a hyperedge-guided memory search module, which utilizes structural information to assist the memory search process and reduce the false positive rate. Experimental results on the MVTec 3D-AD dataset and the Eyecandies dataset show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in few-shot settings. Code is available at https://github.com/Sunny5250/CIF.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

FTIN: Frequency-Time Integration Network for Inertial Odometry

Inertial odometry (IO) leverages inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals for cost-effective localization. However, high IMU sampling rates introduce substantial redundancy that impedes IO's ability to attend to salient components, thereby creating an information bottleneck. To address this challenge, we propose a cross-domain IO framework that fuses information from the frequency and time domains. Specifically, we exploit the global context and energy-compaction properties of frequency-domain representations to capture holistic motion patterns and alleviate the bottleneck. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first attempts to incorporate frequency-domain feature processing into IO. Experimental results on multiple public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed frequency--time-domain fusion strategy.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2025

CKANIO: Learnable Chebyshev Polynomials for Inertial Odometry

Inertial odometry (IO) relies exclusively on signals from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for localization and offers a promising avenue for consumer grade positioning. However, accurate modeling of the nonlinear motion patterns present in IMU signals remains the principal limitation on IO accuracy. To address this challenge, we propose CKANIO, an IO framework that integrates Chebyshev based Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (Chebyshev KAN). Specifically, we design a novel residual architecture that leverages the nonlinear approximation capabilities of Chebyshev polynomials within the KAN framework to more effectively model the complex motion characteristics inherent in IMU signals. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first application of an interpretable KAN model to IO. Experimental results on five publicly available datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of CKANIO.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2025

StarIO: A Lightweight Inertial Odometry for Nonlinear Motion

Inertial odometry (IO) directly estimates the position of a carrier from inertial sensor measurements and serves as a core technology for the widespread deployment of consumer grade localization systems. While existing IO methods can accurately reconstruct simple and near linear motion trajectories, they often fail to account for drift errors caused by complex motion patterns such as turning. This limitation significantly degrades localization accuracy and restricts the applicability of IO systems in real world scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight IO framework. Specifically, inertial data is projected into a high dimensional implicit nonlinear feature space using the Star Operation method, enabling the extraction of complex motion features that are typically overlooked. We further introduce a collaborative attention mechanism that jointly models global motion dynamics across both channel and temporal dimensions. In addition, we design Multi Scale Gated Convolution Units to capture fine grained dynamic variations throughout the motion process, thereby enhancing the model's ability to learn rich and expressive motion representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method consistently outperforms SOTA baselines across six widely used inertial datasets. Compared to baseline models on the RoNIN dataset, it achieves reductions in ATE ranging from 2.26% to 65.78%, thereby establishing a new benchmark in the field.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2025

IONext: Unlocking the Next Era of Inertial Odometry

Researchers have increasingly adopted Transformer-based models for inertial odometry. While Transformers excel at modeling long-range dependencies, their limited sensitivity to local, fine-grained motion variations and lack of inherent inductive biases often hinder localization accuracy and generalization. Recent studies have shown that incorporating large-kernel convolutions and Transformer-inspired architectural designs into CNN can effectively expand the receptive field, thereby improving global motion perception. Motivated by these insights, we propose a novel CNN-based module called the Dual-wing Adaptive Dynamic Mixer (DADM), which adaptively captures both global motion patterns and local, fine-grained motion features from dynamic inputs. This module dynamically generates selective weights based on the input, enabling efficient multi-scale feature aggregation. To further improve temporal modeling, we introduce the Spatio-Temporal Gating Unit (STGU), which selectively extracts representative and task-relevant motion features in the temporal domain. This unit addresses the limitations of temporal modeling observed in existing CNN approaches. Built upon DADM and STGU, we present a new CNN-based inertial odometry backbone, named Next Era of Inertial Odometry (IONext). Extensive experiments on six public datasets demonstrate that IONext consistently outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) Transformer- and CNN-based methods. For instance, on the RNIN dataset, IONext reduces the average ATE by 10% and the average RTE by 12% compared to the representative model iMOT.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Tuning spin-density separation via finite-range interactions: Dimensionality-driven signatures in dynamic structure factors

Spin-density (charge) separation, marked by distinct propagation velocities of spin and density excitations, epitomizes strong correlations, historically confined to one-dimensional (1D) systems. The recent experimental work of S. Dhar, B. Wang, M. Horvath, et al. Nature 642, 53 (2025), using a weakly interacting 3D Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{133}$Cs atoms confined in a 2D optical lattice to realize spin-density separation and demonstrate boson anyonization, motivates a deeper exploration into how dimensionality and interactions govern quantum correlations. In this work, we investigate this in two-component bosonic mixtures with finite-range interactions, probing 1D and 3D dynamics. Using path integral effective field theory within the one-loop approximation, we derive analytical expressions for zero-temperature ground-state energy and quantum depletion, seamlessly recovering contact interaction results in the contact limit. By crafting an effective action for decoupled density and spin modes, we compute dynamic structure factors (DSFs), revealing how finite-range interactions sculpt spin-density separation. A pivotal finding is the dimensionality-driven divergence in DSF peak dynamics: in 1D, peaks ascend to higher frequencies with increasing interaction strength, yielding sharp responses; in 3D, peaks descend to lower frequencies, with broader density wave profiles. These insights highlight dimensionality's critical role in collective excitations and provide a robust theoretical blueprint for probing interaction-driven quantum phenomena via Bragg spectroscopy, paving new pathways for exploring dimensionally tuned quantum correlations in ultracold quantum gases.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2025

CLASP: Cross-modal Salient Anchor-based Semantic Propagation for Weakly-supervised Dense Audio-Visual Event Localization

The Dense Audio-Visual Event Localization (DAVEL) task aims to temporally localize events in untrimmed videos that occur simultaneously in both the audio and visual modalities. This paper explores DAVEL under a new and more challenging weakly-supervised setting (W-DAVEL task), where only video-level event labels are provided and the temporal boundaries of each event are unknown. We address W-DAVEL by exploiting \textit{cross-modal salient anchors}, which are defined as reliable timestamps that are well predicted under weak supervision and exhibit highly consistent event semantics across audio and visual modalities. Specifically, we propose a \textit{Mutual Event Agreement Evaluation} module, which generates an agreement score by measuring the discrepancy between the predicted audio and visual event classes. Then, the agreement score is utilized in a \textit{Cross-modal Salient Anchor Identification} module, which identifies the audio and visual anchor features through global-video and local temporal window identification mechanisms. The anchor features after multimodal integration are fed into an \textit{Anchor-based Temporal Propagation} module to enhance event semantic encoding in the original temporal audio and visual features, facilitating better temporal localization under weak supervision. We establish benchmarks for W-DAVEL on both the UnAV-100 and ActivityNet1.3 datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

PHYBench: Holistic Evaluation of Physical Perception and Reasoning in Large Language Models

Current benchmarks for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant limitations: task oversimplification, data contamination, and flawed evaluation items. These deficiencies necessitate more rigorous assessment methods. To address these limitations, we introduce PHYBench, a benchmark of 500 original physics problems ranging from high school to Physics Olympiad difficulty. PHYBench addresses data contamination through original content and employs a systematic curation pipeline to eliminate flawed items. Evaluations show that PHYBench activates more tokens and provides stronger differentiation between reasoning models compared to other baselines like AIME 2024, OlympiadBench and GPQA. Even the best-performing model, Gemini 2.5 Pro, achieves only 36.9% accuracy compared to human experts' 61.9%. To further enhance evaluation precision, we introduce the Expression Edit Distance (EED) Score for mathematical expression assessment, which improves sample efficiency by 204% over binary scoring. Moreover, PHYBench effectively elicits multi-step and multi-condition reasoning, providing a platform for examining models' reasoning robustness, preferences, and deficiencies. The benchmark results and dataset are publicly available at https://www.phybench.cn/.

cs.CL↗