arXiv2026
Plastic deformation in metallic alloys is primarily governed by the motion of dislocations, which are atomic scale line defects that move through the crystal lattice under an applied stress. Superalloys containing fine oxide particles withstand extreme temperatures for prolonged durations by resisting dislocation motion. This thermally controlled mechanism conventionally involves dislocations first climbing over the particle and slowly detaching from it, a process that typically occurs on the order of seconds. However, these mechanisms drastically change when dislocation velocities increase, potentially exceeding half the shear wave speed of the material. At such extreme speeds, dislocations can interact with lattice vibrations, leading to pronounced phonon interactions. We leverage a pulsed laser to drive rigid microspheres at controlled velocities towards superalloy substrates containing a dense oxide dispersion. Synchronized high speed imaging allows precise mapping of deformation events, allowing high throughput decoupling and modeling of plasticity contributions. We find that the oxide network produces a dual and counterintuitive effect. Our modeling framework indicates that rapidly moving dislocations bypass oxide particles by bowing rather than climbing, thereby suppressing departure side dislocation relaxation. At the same time, the dense oxide network confines fast moving dislocations within the critical interparticle distance, thereby reducing their interaction with phonons. These findings shed light on new plasticity mechanisms in oxide particle containing superalloys when line defects accelerate and dissipate energy on picosecond timescales.