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arXiv · 0902.1209

Time's Barbed Arrow: Irreversibility, Crypticity, and Stored Information

James P. Crutchfield·Christopher J. Ellison·John R. Mahoney
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Abstract

We show why the amount of information communicated between the past and future--the excess entropy--is not in general the amount of information stored in the present--the statistical complexity. This is a puzzle, and a long-standing one, since the latter is what is required for optimal prediction, but the former describes observed behavior. We layout a classification scheme for dynamical systems and stochastic processes that determines when these two quantities are the same or different. We do this by developing closed-form expressions for the excess entropy in terms of optimal causal predictors and retrodictors--the epsilon-machines of computational mechanics. A process's causal irreversibility and crypticity are key determining properties.

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BibTeXRIS

James P. Crutchfield, Christopher J. Ellison, John R. Mahoney. 2009-02-07. Time's Barbed Arrow: Irreversibility, Crypticity, and Stored Information. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.094101

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