Quantum fluids in nanoporous media - effects of the confinement and fractal geometry

Abstract

In recent years the problem of correct description of quantum fluids in the confined geometry at nanoscale length has emerged. It has been recognized that the quantum fluids at these circumstances can be considered as a new state of quantum matter due to close values between characteristic lengths for these quantum liquids and the size of geometrical confinement and significant contribution from the surface atoms. So one has to apply new physics to describe such systems with taking into account their complex nature. For example, last two years the attempts to develop the fractionalized two-fluid hydrodynamics for nanoporous media with fractal dimensions have been made. The actuality of such new hydrodynamics becomes very clear for the last development in chemical synthesis of different kind of aerogels with nanopore structure as well as numerous studies of nanoporous substances. One of the interesting obtained results that density waves (the first sound) and temperature waves (the second sound) become strong coupled even in the absence of viscosity, so it is purely geometric effect of fractal space of nanopores. In the present report we will review the procedure, results and discuss the issues for this approach.