A Fortran 90 Hartree-Fock program for one-dimensional periodic $π$-conjugated systems using Pariser-Parr-Pople model

Abstract

Pariser-Parr-Pople (P-P-P) model Hamiltonian is employed frequently to study the electronic structure and optical properties of $π$-conjugated systems. In this paper we describe a Fortran 90 computer program which uses the P-P-P model Hamiltonian to solve the Hartree-Fock (HF) equation for infinitely long, one-dimensional, periodic, $π$-electron systems. The code is capable of computing the band structure, as also the linear optical absorption spectrum, by using the tight-binding (TB) and the HF methods. Furthermore, using our program the user can solve the HF equation in the presence of a finite external electric field, thereby, allowing the simulation of gated systems. We apply our code to compute various properties of polymers such as $trans$-polyacetylene ($t$-PA), poly-\emph{para}-phenylene (PPP), and armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons, in the infinite length limit.