Random Transverse Field Ising Model in dimension $d>1$ : scaling analysis in the disordered phase from the Directed Polymer model

Abstract

For the quantum Ising model with ferromagnetic random couplings $J_{i,j}>0$ and random transverse fields $h_i>0$ at zero temperature in finite dimensions $d>1$, we consider the lowest-order contributions in perturbation theory in $(J_{i,j}/h_i)$ to obtain some information on the statistics of various observables in the disordered phase. We find that the two-point correlation scales as : $\ln C(r) \sim - \frac{r}{ξ_{typ}} +r^ω u$, where $ξ_{typ} $ is the typical correlation length, $u$ is a random variable, and $ω$ coincides with the droplet exponent $ω_{DP}(D=d-1)$ of the Directed Polymer with $D=(d-1)$ transverse directions. Our main conclusions are (i) whenever $ω>0$, the quantum model is governed by an Infinite-Disorder fixed point : there are two distinct correlation length exponents related by $ν_{typ}=(1-ω)ν_{av}$ ; the distribution of the local susceptibility $χ_{loc}$ presents the power-law tail $P(χ_{loc}) \sim 1/χ_{loc}^{1+μ}$ where $μ$ vanishes as $ξ_{av}^{-ω} $, so that the averaged local susceptibility diverges in a finite neighborhood $0<μ<1$ before criticality (Griffiths phase) ; the dynamical exponent $z$ diverges near criticality as $z=d/μ\sim ξ_{av}^ω$ (ii) in dimensions $d \leq 3$, any infinitesimal disorder flows towards this Infinite-Disorder fixed point with $ω(d)>0$ (for instance $ω(d=2)=1/3$ and $ω(d=3) \sim 0.24$) (iii) in finite dimensions $d > 3$, a finite disorder strength is necessary to flow towards the Infinite-Disorder fixed point with $ω(d)>0$ (for instance $ω(d=4) \simeq 0.19$), whereas a Finite-Disorder fixed point remains possible for a small enough disorder strength. For the Cayley tree of effective dimension $d=\infty$ where $ω=0$, we discuss the similarities and differences with the case of finite dimensions.