Impacts of dark energy on weighing neutrinos: mass hierarchies considered

Abstract

Taking into account the mass splittings between three active neutrinos, we investigate impacts of dark energy on constraining the total neutrino mass $\sum m_ν$ by using recent cosmological observations. We consider two typical dark energy models, namely, the $w$CDM model and the holographic dark energy (HDE) model, which both have an additional free parameter compared with the $Λ$CDM model. We employ the Planck 2015 data of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies, combined with low-redshift measurements on BAO distance scales, type Ia supernovae, Hubble constant, and Planck lensing. Compared to the $Λ$CDM model, our study shows that the upper limit on $\sum m_ν$ becomes much looser in the $w$CDM model while much tighter in the HDE model. In the HDE model, we obtain the $95\%$ CL upper limit $\sum m_ν<0.105~\textrm{eV}$ for three degenerate neutrinos. This might be the most stringent constraint on $\sum m_ν$ by far and is almost on the verge of diagnosing the neutrino mass hierachies in the HDE model. However, the difference of $χ^2$ is still not significant enough to distinguish the neutrino mass hierarchies, even though the minimal $χ^2$ of the normal hierarchy is slightly smaller than that of the inverted hierarchy.