Modeling the complexity of acoustic emission spectra during intermittent plastic deformation: Power laws and multifractal spectra

Abstract

Scale invariant power law distributions for acoustic emission signals are ubiquitous to several plastically deforming materials. However, power law distributions for the acoustic emission energies are reported in distinctly different plastically deforming situations such as in hcp and, fcc single and polycrystalline samples exhibiting smooth stress-strain curves, and in dilute metallic alloys exhibiting discontinuous flow. This is surprising since the underlying dislocation mechanisms in these two types of deformations are very different. So far, there has been no models that predict the power law statistics for the discontinuous flow. Furthermore, the statistics of the acoustic emission signals in jerky flow is even more complex requiring multifractal measures for a proper characterization. There has been no model that explains the complex statistics either. Here, we address the problem of statistical characterization of the acoustic emission signals associated with the three types of Portevin-Le Chatelier bands. We set-up a wave equation for elastic degrees of freedom with plastic strain rate as a source term. Using the plastic strain rate obtained from the Ananthakrishna model for the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, we compute the acoustic emission spectrum corresponding to the three Portevin-Le Chatelier bands, which is used for further statistical characterization. Our results show that the model predicts power law statistics for all the three types of Portevin-Le Chatelier bands with the exponent values increasing with increasing strain rate. The calculated multifractal spectra corresponding to the acoustic emission signals associated with these three band types has a maximum spread for the type C decreasing with type B and A. We further show that the acoustic emission signals associated with Lüders like band also exhibits power law distribution and multifractality.