Chen ranks and resonance varieties of the upper McCool groups

Abstract

The group of basis-conjugating automorphisms of the free group of rank $n$, also known as the McCool group or the welded braid group $PΣ_n$, contains a much-studied subgroup, called the upper McCool group $PΣ_n^+$. Starting from the cohomology ring of $PΣ_n^+$, we find, by means of a Gröbner basis computation, a simple presentation for the infinitesimal Alexander invariant of this group, from which we determine the resonance varieties and the Chen ranks of the upper McCool groups. These computations reveal that, unlike for the pure braid group $P_n$ and the full McCool group $PΣ_n$, the Chen ranks conjecture does not hold for $PΣ_n^+$, for any $n\ge 4$. Consequently, $PΣ_n^+$ is not isomorphic to $P_n$ in that range, thus answering a question of Cohen, Pakianathan, Vershinin, and Wu. We also determine the scheme structure of the resonance varieties $\mathcal{R}_1(PΣ_n^+)$, and show that these schemes are not reduced for $n\geq 4$.