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arXiv · 2109.00840

Imposing Relation Structure in Language-Model Embeddings Using Contrastive Learning

Christos Theodoropoulos·James Henderson·Andrei C. Coman·Marie-Francine Moens
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Abstract

Though language model text embeddings have revolutionized NLP research, their ability to capture high-level semantic information, such as relations between entities in text, is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive learning framework that trains sentence embeddings to encode the relations in a graph structure. Given a sentence (unstructured text) and its graph, we use contrastive learning to impose relation-related structure on the token-level representations of the sentence obtained with a CharacterBERT (El Boukkouri et al.,2020) model. The resulting relation-aware sentence embeddings achieve state-of-the-art results on the relation extraction task using only a simple KNN classifier, thereby demonstrating the success of the proposed method. Additional visualization by a tSNE analysis shows the effectiveness of the learned representation space compared to baselines. Furthermore, we show that we can learn a different space for named entity recognition, again using a contrastive learning objective, and demonstrate how to successfully combine both representation spaces in an entity-relation task.

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Christos Theodoropoulos, James Henderson, Andrei C. Coman, Marie-Francine Moens. 2021-09-04. Imposing Relation Structure in Language-Model Embeddings Using Contrastive Learning. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1%2F2021.conll-1.27

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