Observing frustrated quantum magnetism in two-dimensional ion crystals

Mu Qiao; Zhengyang Cai; Ye Wang; Botao Du; Naijun Jin; Wentao Chen; Pengfei Wang; Chunyang Luan; Erfu Gao; Ximo Sun; Haonan Tian; Jingning Zhang; Kihwan Kim

arXiv · 2204.07283

Observing frustrated quantum magnetism in two-dimensional ion crystals

Mu Qiao·Zhengyang Cai·Ye Wang·Botao Du·Naijun Jin·Wentao Chen·Pengfei Wang·Chunyang Luan·Erfu Gao·Ximo Sun·Haonan Tian·Jingning Zhang·Kihwan Kim

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) quantum magnetism is a paradigm in strongly correlated many-body physics. The understanding of 2D quantum magnetism can be expedited by employing a controllable quantum simulator that faithfully maps 2D-spin Hamiltonians. The 2D quantum simulators can exhibit exotic phenomena such as frustrated quantum magnetism and topological order and can be used to show quantum computational advantages. Many experimental platforms are being developed, including Rydberg atoms and superconducting annealers. However, with trapped-ion systems, which showed the most advanced controllability and quantum coherence, quantum magnetism was explored in one-dimensional chains. Here, we report simulations of frustrated quantum magnetism with 2D ion crystals. We create a variety of spin-spin interactions for quantum magnets, including those that exhibit frustration by driving different vibrational modes and adiabatically prepare the corresponding ground states. The experimentally measured ground states are consistent with the theoretical predictions and are highly degenerate for geometrically frustrated spin models in two dimensions. Quantum coherence of the ground states is probed by reversing the time evolution of the B-field to the initial value and then measuring the extent to which the remaining state coincides with the initial state. Our results open the door for quantum simulations with 2D ion crystals.

Explore related subjects

quant-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Mu Qiao, Zhengyang Cai, Ye Wang, Botao Du, Naijun Jin, Wentao Chen, Pengfei Wang, Chunyang Luan, Erfu Gao, Ximo Sun, Haonan Tian, Jingning Zhang, Kihwan Kim. 2022-04-15. Observing frustrated quantum magnetism in two-dimensional ion crystals. https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.07283

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Quantum Authenticated Key Expansion with Key Recycling

Data privacy and authentication are two main security requirements for remote access and cloud services. While QKD has been explored to address data privacy concerns, oftentimes its use is separate from the client authentication protocol despite implicitly providing authentication. Here, we present a quantum authentication key expansion (QAKE) protocol that (1) integrates both authentication and key expansion within a single protocol, and (2) provides key recycling property - allowing all authentication keys to be reused. We analyse the security of the protocol in a QAKE framework adapted from a classical authentication key exchange (AKE) framework, providing separate security conditions for authentication and data privacy. We experimentally implemented the protocol with appropriate post-selection. Additional results on the security of pseudorandom basis generation in QAKE and decoy state BB84 are provided.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Entanglement as Difference: Reduction-induced Minimal Partial Entropy Difference

Bipartite mixed-state quantum entanglement (QE) and its measures play a crucial role in both theoretical research and practical quantum applications. Its internal structure is far more complex and less well understood compared with bipartite pure-state QE. Some existing measures involve inherently intractable global optimizations, while others are only applicable to highly limited-dimensional quantum systems. Here based on the inherent feature that bipartite QE systems nonseparable necessarily implies that local reduced density matrix differs from its \textquotedblleft native\textquotedblright density matrix, we propose a more physical and intuitive measure termed Reduction-induced Minimal Partial Entropy Difference to quantify arbitrary bipartite mixed-state QE. Partial Von Neumann Entropy is only a pure-state special case of this method. This measure offers intrinsic structural %perspective insights into bipartite QE characterization, thereby establishing itself as a valuable complementary measure. Its intuitive and clear physical picture, combined with relatively low computational complexity and wide applicability, facilitates exploring its potential quantum information applications, hence its conceptual framework and line of thought deserve to be further developed to describe and quantify multipartite QE in the future.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Non-local mass superpositions and optical clock interferometry in atomic ensemble quantum networks

Quantum networks are emerging as powerful platforms for sensing, communication, and fundamental tests of physics. We propose a programmable quantum sensing network based on entangled atomic ensembles, where optical clock qubits realize mass superpositions arising via mass-energy equivalence, as in atom and atom-clock interferometry. Our approach uniquely combines scalability to large atom numbers with minimal control requirements, relying only on collective addressing of internal atomic states. This enables the creation of both non-local and local superpositions with spatial separations beyond those achievable in conventional matter-wave interferometry with single atoms. Starting from Bell-type seed states distributed via photonic channels, collective operations within atomic ensembles coherently build many-body mass superpositions sensitive to gravitational redshift. The resulting architecture implements a non-local Ramsey interferometer, where gravitationally induced phase shifts are imprinted on non-local entangled states and are read out through local measurements at the network nodes. Beyond extending the spatial reach of mass superpositions, our scheme establishes a scalable, programmable platform to probe the interface of quantum mechanics and gravity, and offers a new experimental pathway to test atom and atom-clock interferometer proposals, e.g. for probing gravitational dephasing, in a network-based quantum laboratory.

quant-ph↗