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arXiv · 2302.11967

Full control of solid-state electrolytes for electrostatic gating

Chuanwu Cao·Margherita Melegari·Marc Philippi·Daniil Domaretskiy·Nicolas Ubrig·Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama·Alberto F. Morpurgo
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Abstract

Ionic gating is a powerful technique to realize field-effect transistors (FETs) enabling experiments not possible otherwise. So far, ionic gating has relied on the use of top-electrolyte gates, which pose experimental constraints and make device fabrication complex. Promising results obtained recently in FETs based on solid-state electrolytes remain plagued by spurious phenomena of unknown origin, preventing proper transistor operation, and causing limited control and reproducibility. Here we explore a class of solid-state electrolytes for gating (Lithium-ion conducting glass-ceramics, LICGCs), identify the processes responsible for the spurious phenomena and irreproducible behavior,and demonstrate properly functioning transistors exhibiting high density ambipolar operation with gate capacitance of ~20-50 $\mu$F/cm$^2$ (depending on the polarity of the accumulated charges). Using two-dimensional semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides we demonstrate the ability to implement ionic-gate spectroscopy to determine the semiconducting bandgap, and to accumulate electron densities above 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$, resulting in gate-induced superconductivity in MoS$_2$ multilayers. As LICGCs are implemented in a back-gate configuration, they leave the surface of the material exposed, enabling the use of surface-sensitive techniques (such as scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy) impossible so far in ionic-liquid gated devices. They also allow double ionic gated devices providing independent control of charge density and electric field.

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Chuanwu Cao, Margherita Melegari, Marc Philippi, Daniil Domaretskiy, Nicolas Ubrig, Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama, Alberto F. Morpurgo. 2023-02-23. Full control of solid-state electrolytes for electrostatic gating. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202211993

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