Individual Shrinkage for Random Effects

Raffaella Giacomini; Sokbae Lee; Silvia Sarpietro

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arXiv · 2308.01596

Individual Shrinkage for Random Effects

Raffaella Giacomini·Sokbae Lee·Silvia Sarpietro

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Abstract

This paper develops an approach to random effects estimation and individual-level forecasting in micropanels that targets individual accuracy rather than aggregate performance. The conventional shrinkage methods used in the literature, such as the James-Stein estimator and Empirical Bayes, target aggregate performance and can lead to inaccurate decisions at the individual level. We propose a class of shrinkage estimators with individual weights (IW) that leverage an individual's own history, instead of the cross-sectional dimension. This approach can help overcome the "tyranny of the majority" inherent in existing methods, while relying on weaker assumptions. A key contribution is addressing the challenge of obtaining feasible weights from short time-series data under parameter heterogeneity. We discuss the theoretical optimality of IW and recommend using feasible weights determined through a Minimax Regret analysis in practice.

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Raffaella Giacomini, Sokbae Lee, Silvia Sarpietro. 2026-05-31. Individual Shrinkage for Random Effects. https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.01596

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