Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2310.12997

Parking Spot Classification based on surround view camera system

Andy Xiao·Deep Doshi·Lihao Wang·Harsha Gorantla·Thomas Heitzmann·Peter Groth
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Surround-view fisheye cameras are commonly used for near-field sensing in automated driving scenarios, including urban driving and auto valet parking. Four fisheye cameras, one on each side, are sufficient to cover 360° around the vehicle capturing the entire near-field region. Based on surround view cameras, there has been much research on parking slot detection with main focus on the occupancy status in recent years, but little work on whether the free slot is compatible with the mission of the ego vehicle or not. For instance, some spots are handicap or electric vehicles accessible only. In this paper, we tackle parking spot classification based on the surround view camera system. We adapt the object detection neural network YOLOv4 with a novel polygon bounding box model that is well-suited for various shaped parking spaces, such as slanted parking slots. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first detailed study on parking spot detection and classification on fisheye cameras for auto valet parking scenarios. The results prove that our proposed classification approach is effective to distinguish between regular, electric vehicle, and handicap parking spots.

Explore related subjects

cs.CVcs.AI

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Andy Xiao, Deep Doshi, Lihao Wang, Harsha Gorantla, Thomas Heitzmann, Peter Groth. 2023-10-05. Parking Spot Classification based on surround view camera system. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677526

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Privacy Leakage on DNNs: A Survey of Model Inversion Attacks and Defenses

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized various domains with their exceptional performance across numerous applications. However, Model Inversion (MI) attacks, which disclose private information about the training dataset by abusing access to the trained models, have emerged as a formidable privacy threat. Given a trained network, these attacks enable adversaries to reconstruct high-fidelity data that closely aligns with the private training samples, posing significant privacy concerns. Despite the rapid advances in the field, we lack a comprehensive and systematic overview of existing MI attacks and defenses. To fill this gap, this paper thoroughly investigates this realm and presents a holistic survey. Firstly, our work briefly reviews early MI studies on traditional machine learning scenarios. We then elaborately analyze and compare numerous recent attacks and defenses on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) across multiple modalities and learning tasks. By meticulously analyzing their distinctive features, we summarize and classify these methods into different categories and provide a novel taxonomy. Finally, this paper discusses promising research directions and presents potential solutions to open issues. To facilitate further study on MI attacks and defenses, we have implemented an open-source model inversion toolbox on GitHub (https://github.com/ffhibnese/Model-Inversion-Attack-ToolBox).

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

ALINA: Advanced Line Identification and Notation Algorithm

Labels are the cornerstone of supervised machine learning algorithms. Most visual recognition methods are fully supervised, using bounding boxes or pixel-wise segmentations for object localization. Traditional labeling methods, such as crowd-sourcing, are prohibitive due to cost, data privacy, amount of time, and potential errors on large datasets. To address these issues, we propose a novel annotation framework, Advanced Line Identification and Notation Algorithm (ALINA), which can be used for labeling taxiway datasets that consist of different camera perspectives and variable weather attributes (sunny and cloudy). Additionally, the CIRCular threshoLd pixEl Discovery And Traversal (CIRCLEDAT) algorithm has been proposed, which is an integral step in determining the pixels corresponding to taxiway line markings. Once the pixels are identified, ALINA generates corresponding pixel coordinate annotations on the frame. Using this approach, 60,249 frames from the taxiway dataset, AssistTaxi have been labeled. To evaluate the performance, a context-based edge map (CBEM) set was generated manually based on edge features and connectivity. The detection rate after testing the annotated labels with the CBEM set was recorded as 98.45%, attesting its dependability and effectiveness.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2026

DisasterInsight: A Building-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Vision--Language Models in Disaster Response

Vision--language models (VLMs) show promise for disaster-response remote sensing, but existing benchmarks mainly emphasize scene-level or damage-centric assessment. To study this building-centric gap, we introduce \method{}, a diagnostic benchmark built on xBD, a pre/post-disaster satellite dataset with building-level damage labels. \method{} enriches building instances with OpenStreetMap-derived functional labels and contains 134{,}108 task-specific instruction records across 15 task types, spanning instance-level assessment, scene-level counting, multi-instance reasoning, and structured report generation. The benchmark supports RGB pre/post-disaster imagery, single- and multi-view instance formulations, and scene-level RGB/SAR diagnostic inputs. Experiments with general-domain and remote-sensing VLMs show that models perform better on visible damage cues than on building-function understanding, multi-instance reasoning, counting, and grounded reporting. Instruction tuning improves performance on several tasks but does not close this building-centric gap.

cs.CV↗