Temporal relaxation of disordered many-body quantum systems under driving and dissipation

Abstract

Strong disorder inhibits thermalization in isolated quantum systems and may lead to many-body localization (MBL). In realistic situations, however, the observation of MBL is hindered by residual couplings of the system to an environment, which acts as a bath and pushes the system to thermal equilibrium. This paper is concerned with the transient dynamics prior to thermalization and studies how the relaxation of a disordered system is altered under the influence of external driving and dissipation. We consider a scenario where a disordered quantum spin chain is placed into a strong magnetic field that polarizes the system. By suddenly removing the external field, a nonequilibrium situation is induced and the decay of magnetization probes the degree of localization. We show that by driving the system with light, one can distinguish between different dynamical regimes as the spins are more or less susceptible to the drive depending on the strength of the disorder. We provide evidence that some of these signatures remain observable at intermediate time scales even when the spin chain is subject to noise due to coupling to an environment. From a numerical point of view, we demonstrate that the open-system dynamics starting from a class of experimentally relevant mixed initial states can be efficiently simulated by combining dynamical quantum typicality with stochastic unraveling of Lindblad master equations.