Single-layer of Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$ grown on Ag(111)

Abstract

In this work, we report the growth of a single mixed Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$ layer, with diverse stoichiometries, on a Ag(111) substrate. The atomic geometry has been thoroughly investigated by low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments, as well as calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). We first determined that both pure systems (Bi/Ag(111) and Sb/Ag(111)) show similar behaviors: they form surface alloys with ($\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$)R30$^\circ$ periodicity for coverages lower than 1/3 ML, and undergo a dealloying transition for higher coverages up to 2/3 ML. We then established a simple preparation procedure to obtain a mixed Bi-Sb overlayer on Ag(111): it is essential to start with a surface completely covered by either of the two pure surface alloys and then deposit the other element on it. The energetics derived from DFT calculations provide insight into the systems preference towards the formation of this phase, and also predict a pathway to the formation of Bi-rich non-alloyed phases. The obtained mixed Bi-Sb phase has a lateral atomic arrangement very similar to the one in the non-alloyed phase observed for Sb on Ag(111), with Sb and Bi atoms distributed disorderly, and presents a significant vertical corrugation, promising considerable Rashba effects.