Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2410.03758

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Transformer for Residential Non-intrusive Load Monitoring

Minhajur Rahman·Yasir Arafat
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Transformer models have demonstrated impressive performance in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) applications in recent years. Despite their success, existing studies have not thoroughly examined the impact of various hyper-parameters on model performance, which is crucial for advancing high-performing transformer models. In this work, a comprehensive series of experiments have been conducted to analyze the influence of these hyper-parameters in the context of residential NILM. This study delves into the effects of the number of hidden dimensions in the attention layer, the number of attention layers, the number of attention heads, and the dropout ratio on transformer performance. Furthermore, the role of the masking ratio has explored in BERT-style transformer training, providing a detailed investigation into its impact on NILM tasks. Based on these experiments, the optimal hyper-parameters have been selected and used them to train a transformer model, which surpasses the performance of existing models. The experimental findings offer valuable insights and guidelines for optimizing transformer architectures, aiming to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in NILM applications. It is expected that this work will serve as a foundation for future research and development of more robust and capable transformer models for NILM.

Explore related subjects

eess.SYcs.AIcs.SY

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Minhajur Rahman, Yasir Arafat. 2024-10-13. Towards a Deeper Understanding of Transformer for Residential Non-intrusive Load Monitoring. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03758

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Safe learning-based control via function-based uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty quantification is essential when deploying learning-based control methods in safety-critical systems. This is commonly realized by constructing uncertainty tubes that enclose the unknown function of interest, e.g., the reward and constraint functions or the underlying dynamics model, with high probability. However, existing approaches for uncertainty quantification typically rely on restrictive assumptions that encode smoothness properties of the unknown function, such as a known norm in a function space. Moreover, these methods usually struggle with discontinuities. In this paper, we model the unknown function as a random function from which independent and identically distributed realizations can be generated. We then construct uncertainty tubes via the scenario approach that hold with high probability. Our uncertainty tubes rely solely on sampled realizations and can therefore accommodate discontinuities represented by the sampling model. We integrate these uncertainty tubes into a safe Bayesian optimization algorithm with which we safely tune control parameters on a real Furuta pendulum.

eess.SY↗
arXiv2026

Enhanced ShockBurst for Ultra Low-Power On-Demand Sensing

On-demand sensing requires battery-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) and implantable medical devices to remain in deep sleep and activate wireless communication only when data transmission is required. In such systems, battery lifetime depends strongly on radio active time. This work investigates how communication architecture and physical layer (PHY) configuration influence radio active time by comparing connection-oriented Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with connectionless Enhanced ShockBurst (ESB) on identical BLE-compatible hardware. Under identical 2 Mbps PHY configurations, ESB reduces wake-up latency and energy consumption to approximately one-twentieth of BLE by eliminating connection establishment and maintenance overhead. Increasing the ESB PHY rate from 2 to 4 Mbps further shortens packet airtime by approximately 52% and reduces transmission energy by approximately 43%. Finally, a first-in, first-out (FIFO)-triggered implantable loop recorder prototype demonstrates that jointly optimizing communication architecture, PHY configuration, and buffered transmission enables sleep-wake operation and reduces total system power consumption by approximately 60% compared with conventional BLE operation. These results identify minimizing radio active time as a key design principle for ultra-low-power on-demand sensing and provide practical guidance for battery-powered sensing systems.

eess.SY↗
arXiv2026

Receding Horizon Multi-Agent Deceptive Path Planner

Deceptive path planning enables autonomous agents to obscure their true goals from observers by deviating from an expected optimal path. Prior work largely solves full-horizon, end-to-end optimization for single agents, which is expensive to recompute online and difficult to scale or adapt en route. We propose a unified framework for deceptive path planning using a Boltzmann distribution, computing over short-horizon candidate trajectories within a receding-horizon loop. By param- By iterating a user-defined cost that captures deception, resources, and smoothness, and optionally includes coupling terms between agents, the framework yields stochastic policies that balance the tradeoff between optimal paths and deceptive deviation. Policies are updated locally and do not require training. The level of deception and adherence to constraints can be dynamically tuned, enabling online adaptation to changes in goals and constraints such as obstacles. This step-by-step tuning opens the door to new forms of dynamic deception. Simulation studies demonstrate the flexibility of our approach, maintaining deception while adapting to environmental and constraint updates, avoiding the recomputation required by full-horizon methods, and supporting intuitive tuning via a small set of parameters

eess.SY↗