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arXiv · 2503.00151

Palm: A Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse Dataset for Arabic LLMs

Fakhraddin Alwajih·Abdellah El Mekki·Samar Mohamed Magdy·Abdelrahim A. Elmadany·Omer Nacar·El Moatez Billah Nagoudi·Reem Abdel-Salam·Hanin Atwany·Youssef Nafea·Abdulfattah Mohammed Yahya·Rahaf Alhamouri·Hamzah A. Alsayadi·Hiba Zayed·Sara Shatnawi·Serry Sibaee·Yasir Ech-Chammakhy·Walid Al-Dhabyani·Marwa Mohamed Ali·Imen Jarraya·Ahmed Oumar El-Shangiti·Aisha Alraeesi·Mohammed Anwar Al-Ghrawi·Abdulrahman S. Al-Batati·Elgizouli Mohamed·Noha Taha Elgindi·Muhammed Saeed·Houdaifa Atou·Issam Ait Yahia·Abdelhak Bouayad·Mohammed Machrouh·Amal Makouar·Dania Alkawi·Mukhtar Mohamed·Safaa Taher Abdelfadil·Amine Ziad Ounnoughene·Rouabhia Anfel·Rwaa Assi·Ahmed Sorkatti·Mohamedou Cheikh Tourad·Anis Koubaa·Ismail Berrada·Mustafa Jarrar·Shady Shehata·Muhammad Abdul-Mageed
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Abstract

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, ensuring their cultural sensitivity and inclusivity is paramount. We introduce our dataset, a year-long community-driven project covering all 22 Arab countries. The dataset includes instructions (input, response pairs) in both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and dialectal Arabic (DA), spanning 20 diverse topics. Built by a team of 44 researchers across the Arab world, all of whom are authors of this paper, our dataset offers a broad, inclusive perspective. We use our dataset to evaluate the cultural and dialectal capabilities of several frontier LLMs, revealing notable limitations. For instance, while closed-source LLMs generally exhibit strong performance, they are not without flaws, and smaller open-source models face greater challenges. Moreover, certain countries (e.g., Egypt, the UAE) appear better represented than others (e.g., Iraq, Mauritania, Yemen). Our annotation guidelines, code, and data for reproducibility are publicly available.

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Fakhraddin Alwajih, Abdellah El Mekki, Samar Mohamed Magdy, Abdelrahim A. Elmadany, Omer Nacar, El Moatez Billah Nagoudi, Reem Abdel-Salam, Hanin Atwany, Youssef Nafea, Abdulfattah Mohammed Yahya, Rahaf Alhamouri, Hamzah A. Alsayadi, Hiba Zayed, Sara Shatnawi, Serry Sibaee, Yasir Ech-Chammakhy, Walid Al-Dhabyani, Marwa Mohamed Ali, Imen Jarraya, Ahmed Oumar El-Shangiti, Aisha Alraeesi, Mohammed Anwar Al-Ghrawi, Abdulrahman S. Al-Batati, Elgizouli Mohamed, Noha Taha Elgindi, Muhammed Saeed, Houdaifa Atou, Issam Ait Yahia, Abdelhak Bouayad, Mohammed Machrouh, Amal Makouar, Dania Alkawi, Mukhtar Mohamed, Safaa Taher Abdelfadil, Amine Ziad Ounnoughene, Rouabhia Anfel, Rwaa Assi, Ahmed Sorkatti, Mohamedou Cheikh Tourad, Anis Koubaa, Ismail Berrada, Mustafa Jarrar, Shady Shehata, Muhammad Abdul-Mageed. 2025-02-28. Palm: A Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse Dataset for Arabic LLMs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00151

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