Duality of Wave Modulation and Nanotwinning in Ni-Mn-Ga Martensite via Long-Period Commensurate States

P. Veřtát; M. Zelený; A. Sozinov; M. Klicpera; O. Fabelo; R. Chulist; M. Vinogradova; P. Sedlák; H. Seiner; O. Heczko; L. Straka

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arXiv · 2503.04379

Duality of Wave Modulation and Nanotwinning in Ni-Mn-Ga Martensite via Long-Period Commensurate States

P. Veřtát·M. Zelený·A. Sozinov·M. Klicpera·O. Fabelo·R. Chulist·M. Vinogradova·P. Sedlák·H. Seiner·O. Heczko·L. Straka

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Abstract

Structural modulation is a key ingredient behind the extraordinary (magneto)elastic response of Ni-Mn-Ga martensite, yet its link to fine microstructural features and twin-boundary supermobility remains unresolved. Here we analyse martensitic single crystals of Ni50.0Mn27.7Ga22.3 and Ni50.0Mn28.1Ga21.9. Neutron and X-ray diffraction reveal an anharmonic five-layer structural modulation, evidenced by high-order satellite reflections, that evolves from commensurate (q = 2/5) to incommensurate (2/5 < q < 5/12) upon cooling. Interpreting the refined modulation displacements as a basal-plane stacking sequence links the wave description to the microstructural evolution on cooling. In this view, evolving incommensurability produces periodic nanodomains interpreted as emerging a/b-nanotwins with a characteristic size of approximately 20 nm at approximately 290 K. With further cooling, the modulation can lock into long-period commensurate (LP-C) states, such as 34O (q = 7/17), 24O (q = 5/12), and 14O (q = 3/7), whose orthorhombic unit cells can be viewed as a/b-nanotwins. Ab initio calculations show that LP-C structures are energetically competitive with the initial commensurate state, supporting a shallow martensitic energy landscape. We propose a physical picture in which the martensitic transformation selects a commensurate state with q = 2/5 in the Mn-rich compositions studied here, while subsequent cooling drives relaxation within the martensitic landscape toward LP-C states, particularly 24O in the present alloys. The resulting structure is neither purely wave-like nor purely nanotwinned; rather, it reflects coupling between a coherent modulation wave and local accommodation via NM-like tetragonal distortions, nanotwinning, and LP-C lock-ins, providing a structural basis for the wave-nanotwin duality in Ni-Mn-Ga martensite.

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P. Veřtát, M. Zelený, A. Sozinov, M. Klicpera, O. Fabelo, R. Chulist, M. Vinogradova, P. Sedlák, H. Seiner, O. Heczko, L. Straka. 2026-06-08. Duality of Wave Modulation and Nanotwinning in Ni-Mn-Ga Martensite via Long-Period Commensurate States. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04379

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