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arXiv · 2504.18039

MultiMind: Enhancing Werewolf Agents with Multimodal Reasoning and Theory of Mind

Zheng Zhang·Nuoqian Xiao·Qi Chai·Deheng Ye·Hao Wang
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Abstract

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in social deduction games (SDGs) like Werewolf, where strategic reasoning and social deception are essential. However, current approaches remain limited to textual information, ignoring crucial multimodal cues such as facial expressions and tone of voice that humans naturally use to communicate. Moreover, existing SDG agents primarily focus on inferring other players' identities without modeling how others perceive themselves or fellow players. To address these limitations, we use One Night Ultimate Werewolf (ONUW) as a testbed and present MultiMind, the first framework integrating multimodal information into SDG agents. MultiMind processes facial expressions and vocal tones alongside verbal content, while employing a Theory of Mind (ToM) model to represent each player's suspicion levels toward others. By combining this ToM model with Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), our agent identifies communication strategies that minimize suspicion directed at itself. Through comprehensive evaluation in both agent-versus-agent simulations and studies with human players, we demonstrate MultiMind's superior performance in gameplay. Our work presents a significant advancement toward LLM agents capable of human-like social reasoning across multimodal domains.

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Zheng Zhang, Nuoqian Xiao, Qi Chai, Deheng Ye, Hao Wang. 2025-09-14. MultiMind: Enhancing Werewolf Agents with Multimodal Reasoning and Theory of Mind. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18039

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