A Comprehensive Part-of-Speech Tagging to Standardize Central-Kurdish Language: A Research Guide for Kurdish Natural Language Processing Tasks

Shadan Shukr Sabr; Nazira Sabr Mustafa; Talar Sabah Omar; Salah Hwayyiz Rasool; Nawzad Anwer Omer; Darya Sabir Hamad; Hemin Abdulhameed Shams; Omer Mahmood Kareem; Rozhan Noori Abdullah; Khabat Atar Abdullah; Mahabad Azad Mohammad; Haneen Al-Raghefy; Safar M. Asaad; Sara Jamal Mohammed; Twana Saeed Ali; Fazil Shawrow; Halgurd S. Maghdid

arXiv · 2504.19645

A Comprehensive Part-of-Speech Tagging to Standardize Central-Kurdish Language: A Research Guide for Kurdish Natural Language Processing Tasks

Shadan Shukr Sabr·Nazira Sabr Mustafa·Talar Sabah Omar·Salah Hwayyiz Rasool·Nawzad Anwer Omer·Darya Sabir Hamad·Hemin Abdulhameed Shams·Omer Mahmood Kareem·Rozhan Noori Abdullah·Khabat Atar Abdullah·Mahabad Azad Mohammad·Haneen Al-Raghefy·Safar M. Asaad·Sara Jamal Mohammed·Twana Saeed Ali·Fazil Shawrow·Halgurd S. Maghdid

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Abstract

- The field of natural language processing (NLP) has dramatically expanded within the last decade. Many human-being applications are conducted daily via NLP tasks, starting from machine translation, speech recognition, text generation and recommendations, Part-of-Speech tagging (POS), and Named-Entity Recognition (NER). However, low-resourced languages, such as the Central-Kurdish language (CKL), mainly remain unexamined due to shortage of necessary resources to support their development. The POS tagging task is the base of other NLP tasks; for example, the POS tag set has been used to standardized languages to provide the relationship between words among the sentences, followed by machine translation and text recommendation. Specifically, for the CKL, most of the utilized or provided POS tagsets are neither standardized nor comprehensive. To this end, this study presented an accurate and comprehensive POS tagset for the CKL to provide better performance of the Kurdish NLP tasks. The article also collected most of the POS tags from different studies as well as from Kurdish linguistic experts to standardized part-of-speech tags. The proposed POS tagset is designed to annotate a large CKL corpus and support Kurdish NLP tasks. The initial investigations of this study via comparison with the Universal Dependencies framework for standard languages, show that the proposed POS tagset can streamline or correct sentences more accurately for Kurdish NLP tasks.

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Shadan Shukr Sabr, Nazira Sabr Mustafa, Talar Sabah Omar, Salah Hwayyiz Rasool, Nawzad Anwer Omer, Darya Sabir Hamad, Hemin Abdulhameed Shams, Omer Mahmood Kareem, Rozhan Noori Abdullah, Khabat Atar Abdullah, Mahabad Azad Mohammad, Haneen Al-Raghefy, Safar M. Asaad, Sara Jamal Mohammed, Twana Saeed Ali, Fazil Shawrow, Halgurd S. Maghdid. 2025-04-28. A Comprehensive Part-of-Speech Tagging to Standardize Central-Kurdish Language: A Research Guide for Kurdish Natural Language Processing Tasks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19645

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