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arXiv · 2505.00417

Gravity water waves over constant vorticity flows: From laminar flows to touching waves

Francisco Gonçalves
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Abstract

In a recent paper, Hur & Wheeler [J. Differential Equations, 338:572-590, 2022] proved the existence of periodic steady water waves over an infinitely deep, two-dimensional and constant vorticity flow under the influence of gravity. These solutions include overhanging wave profiles, some of which exhibit surfaces that touch at a point and thereby enclose a bubble of air. We extend these results by formulating a problem that encompasses both infinitely deep and finitely deep flows, and by proving the existence of a continuous curve of water waves that connects a laminar flow to a touching wave for fixed, nonzero gravity. This implies the existence of a wave profile featuring a vertical tangent at a point, which is not overhanging, and is referred to as a breaking wave. We also study the behaviour of critical layers, which are points where the horizontal velocity vanishes, near the surface. In particular, this result holds for arbitrary vorticity.

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Francisco Gonçalves. 2025-07-01. Gravity water waves over constant vorticity flows: From laminar flows to touching waves. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00417

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