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arXiv · 2505.05527

ADMM-Based Training for Spiking Neural Networks

Giovanni Perin·Cesare Bidini·Riccardo Mazzieri·Michele Rossi
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Abstract

In recent years, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained momentum due to their high potential in time-series processing combined with minimal energy consumption. However, they still lack a dedicated and efficient training algorithm. The popular backpropagation with surrogate gradients, adapted from stochastic gradient descent (SGD)-derived algorithms, has several drawbacks when used as an optimizer for SNNs. Specifically, the approximation introduced by the use of surrogate gradients leads to numerical imprecision, poor tracking of SNN firing times at training time, and, in turn, poor scalability. In this paper, we propose a novel SNN training method based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Our ADMM-based training aims to solve the problem of the SNN step function's non-differentiability by taking an entirely new approach with respect to gradient backpropagation. For the first time, we formulate the SNN training problem as an ADMM-based iterative optimization, derive closed-form updates, and empirically show the optimizer's convergence, its great potential, and discuss future and promising research directions to improve the method to different layer types and deeper architectures.

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Giovanni Perin, Cesare Bidini, Riccardo Mazzieri, Michele Rossi. 2026-01-18. ADMM-Based Training for Spiking Neural Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05527

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