CleanPatrick: A Benchmark for Image Data Cleaning

Fabian Gröger; Simone Lionetti; Philippe Gottfrois; Alvaro Gonzalez-Jimenez; Ludovic Amruthalingam; Elisabeth Victoria Goessinger; Hanna Lindemann; Marie Bargiela; Marie Hofbauer; Omar Badri; Philipp Tschandl; Arash Koochek; Matthew Groh; Alexander A. Navarini; Marc Pouly

arXiv · 2505.11034

CleanPatrick: A Benchmark for Image Data Cleaning

Fabian Gröger·Simone Lionetti·Philippe Gottfrois·Alvaro Gonzalez-Jimenez·Ludovic Amruthalingam·Elisabeth Victoria Goessinger·Hanna Lindemann·Marie Bargiela·Marie Hofbauer·Omar Badri·Philipp Tschandl·Arash Koochek·Matthew Groh·Alexander A. Navarini·Marc Pouly

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Abstract

Robust machine learning depends on clean data, yet current image data cleaning benchmarks rely on synthetic noise or narrow human studies, limiting comparison and real-world relevance. We introduce CleanPatrick, the first large-scale benchmark for data cleaning in the image domain, built upon the publicly available Fitzpatrick17k dermatology dataset. We collect 496,377 binary annotations from 933 medical crowd workers, identify off-topic samples (4%), near-duplicates (21%), and label errors (32%), and employ an aggregation model inspired by item-response theory followed by expert review to derive high-quality ground truth. CleanPatrick formalizes issue detection as a ranking task and employs standard ranking metrics that mirror real audit workflows. We benchmark classical anomaly detectors, perceptual hashing, SSIM, Confident Learning, NoiseRank, FINE, BHN, and SelfClean. On CleanPatrick, self-supervised representations excel at near-duplicate detection, classical methods achieve competitive off-topic detection under constrained review budgets, and detecting implausible labels under conservative human judgment remains challenging for fine-grained medical classification. By releasing both the dataset and the evaluation framework, CleanPatrick enables a systematic comparison of image-cleaning strategies.

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Fabian Gröger, Simone Lionetti, Philippe Gottfrois, Alvaro Gonzalez-Jimenez, Ludovic Amruthalingam, Elisabeth Victoria Goessinger, Hanna Lindemann, Marie Bargiela, Marie Hofbauer, Omar Badri, Philipp Tschandl, Arash Koochek, Matthew Groh, Alexander A. Navarini, Marc Pouly. 2026-06-09. CleanPatrick: A Benchmark for Image Data Cleaning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11034

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