HeartcareGPT: A Unified Multimodal ECG Suite for Dual Signal-Image Modeling and Understanding

Yihan Xie; Sijing Li; Tianwei Lin; Zhuonan Wang; Chenglin Yang; Yu Zhong; Wenjie Yan; Wenqiao Zhang; Xiaogang Guo; Jun Xiao; Yueting Zhuang; Beng Chin Ooi

arXiv · 2506.05831

HeartcareGPT: A Unified Multimodal ECG Suite for Dual Signal-Image Modeling and Understanding

Yihan Xie·Sijing Li·Tianwei Lin·Zhuonan Wang·Chenglin Yang·Yu Zhong·Wenjie Yan·Wenqiao Zhang·Xiaogang Guo·Jun Xiao·Yueting Zhuang·Beng Chin Ooi

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Abstract

Although electrocardiograms (ECG) play a dominant role in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment, their intrinsic data forms and representational patterns pose significant challenges for medical multimodal large language models (Med-MLLMs) in achieving cross-modal semantic alignment. To address this gap, we propose Heartcare Suite, a unified ECG suite designed for dual signal-image modeling and understanding: (i) Heartcare-400K. A fine-grained ECG instruction dataset on top of our data pipeline engine--HeartAgent--by integrating high quality clinical ECG reports from top hospitals with open-source data. (ii) Heartcare-Bench. A systematic benchmark assessing performance of models in multi-perspective ECG understanding and cross-modal generalization, providing guidance for optimizing ECG comprehension models. (iii) HeartcareGPT. Built upon a structure-aware discrete tokenizer Beat, we propose Dual Stream Projection Alignment (DSPA) paradigm--a dual encoder projection alignment mechanism enabling joint optimizing and modeling native ECG signal-image within a shared feature space. HeartcareGPT achieves consistent improvements across diverse ECG understanding tasks, validating both the effectiveness of the unified modeling paradigm and the necessity of a high-quality data pipeline, and establishing a methodological foundation for extending Med-MLLMs towards physiological signal domains. Our project is available at https://github.com/ZJU4HealthCare/HeartcareGPT .

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Yihan Xie, Sijing Li, Tianwei Lin, Zhuonan Wang, Chenglin Yang, Yu Zhong, Wenjie Yan, Wenqiao Zhang, Xiaogang Guo, Jun Xiao, Yueting Zhuang, Beng Chin Ooi. 2026-04-07. HeartcareGPT: A Unified Multimodal ECG Suite for Dual Signal-Image Modeling and Understanding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05831

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