Many-body delocalization with a two-dimensional 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator

Tian-Ming Li; Zheng-Hang Sun; Yun-Hao Shi; Zhen-Ting Bao; Yong-Yi Wang; Jia-Chi Zhang; Yu Liu; Cheng-Lin Deng; Yi-Han Yu; Zheng-He Liu; Chi-Tong Chen; Li Li; Hao Li; Hao-Tian Liu; Si-Yun Zhou; Zhen-Yu Peng; Yan-Jun Liu; Ziting Wang; Yue-Shan Xu; Kui Zhao; Yang He; Da'er Feng; Jia-Cheng Song; Cai-Ping Fang; Junrui Deng; Mingyu Xu; Yu-Tao Chen; Bozhen zhou; Gui-Han Liang; Zhong-Cheng Xiang; Guangming Xue; Dongning Zheng; Kaixuan Huang; Zheng-An Wang; Haifeng Yu; Piotr Sierant; Kai Xu; Heng Fan

arXiv · 2507.16882

Many-body delocalization with a two-dimensional 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator

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Abstract

Quantum many-body systems with sufficiently strong disorder can exhibit a non-equilibrium phenomenon, known as the many-body localization (MBL), which is distinct from conventional thermalization. While the MBL regime has been extensively studied in one dimension, its existence in higher dimensions remains elusive, challenged by the avalanche instability. Here, using a 70-qubit two-dimensional (2D) superconducting quantum simulator, we experimentally explore the robustness of the MBL regime in controlled finite-size 2D systems. We observe that the decay of imbalance becomes more pronounced with increasing system sizes, scaling up from 21, 42 to 70 qubits, with a relatively large disorder strength, and for the first time, provide an evidence for the many-body delocalization in 2D disordered systems. Our experimental results are consistent with the avalanche theory that predicts the instability of MBL regime beyond one spatial dimension. This work establishes a scalable platform for probing high-dimensional non-equilibrium phases of matter and their finite-size effects using superconducting quantum circuits.

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Tian-Ming Li, Zheng-Hang Sun, Yun-Hao Shi, Zhen-Ting Bao, Yong-Yi Wang, Jia-Chi Zhang, Yu Liu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Yi-Han Yu, Zheng-He Liu, Chi-Tong Chen, Li Li, Hao Li, Hao-Tian Liu, Si-Yun Zhou, Zhen-Yu Peng, Yan-Jun Liu, Ziting Wang, Yue-Shan Xu, Kui Zhao, Yang He, Da'er Feng, Jia-Cheng Song, Cai-Ping Fang, Junrui Deng, Mingyu Xu, Yu-Tao Chen, Bozhen zhou, Gui-Han Liang, Zhong-Cheng Xiang, Guangming Xue, Dongning Zheng, Kaixuan Huang, Zheng-An Wang, Haifeng Yu, Piotr Sierant, Kai Xu, Heng Fan. 2025-07-22. Many-body delocalization with a two-dimensional 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.16882

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