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arXiv · 2509.08368

Diameter-Controlled High-Order Vortex States and Magnon Hybridization in VSe2 Nanotubes

Jia-Wen Li·Xin-Wei Yi·Jin Zhang·Gang Su·Bo Gu
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Abstract

Curved magnets offer a rich phase diagram and hold great promise for next-generation spintronic technologies. This study establishes the paramount significance of high-order vortex states (e.g., 3$φ$ with winding number $n$ > 1) in VSe2 nanotubes, which uniquely enable magnonic functionalities fundamentally inaccessible to conventional magnetic systems. These states arise from diameter-dependent competition between the nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic ($J_1$) and longer-range antiferromagnetic ($J_2$/$J_3$) couplings, as rigorously validated through density-functional theory calculations and Heisenberg modeling of phase diagrams. Critically, by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we find that high-order vortex configurations unlock an intrinsic hybridization mechanism governed by strict orbital angular momentum (OAM) selection rules ($Δl = \pm 2(n-1)$) -- a process strictly forbidden in fundamental vortices ($n$ = 1) -- generating complex high-OAM magnons with measurable topological charge. This is vividly demonstrated in the 3$φ$ state, where hybridization between $l$ = -4, 0 and 4 modes produces eight-petal magnon density patterns. Such states provide an essential platform-free solution for generating high-OAM magnons, wchich is crucial for spin-wave-based information transport. These findings establish a predictive theoretical framework for controlling high-order vortex states in curved magnets and highlight VSe2 nanotubes as a promising platform for exploring complex magnetism and developing future magnonic and spintronic devices.

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Jia-Wen Li, Xin-Wei Yi, Jin Zhang, Gang Su, Bo Gu. 2025-09-10. Diameter-Controlled High-Order Vortex States and Magnon Hybridization in VSe2 Nanotubes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08368

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