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arXiv · 2509.10836

Measuring neutrino masses with joint JWST and DESI DR2 data

Sheng-Han Zhou·Tian-Nuo Li·Guo-Hong Du·Jun-Qian Jiang·Jing-Fei Zhang·Xin Zhang
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Abstract

Early JWST observations reveal an unexpectedly abundant population of high-redshift candidate massive galaxies at $z \gtrsim 7$, and recent DESI measurements show a preference for dynamical dark energy, which together present a significant challenge to the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology. In this work, we jointly analyze high-redshift galaxy data from JWST, baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI DR2, and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck and ACT, measuring the total neutrino mass $\sum m_ν$. We consider three dark energy models ($Λ$CDM, $w$CDM, and $w_0w_a$CDM) and three mass hierarchies. Our results indicate that in the $w_0w_a$CDM model, adding JWST data to CMB+DESI tightens the upper limit of $\sum m_ν$ by about $5.8\%-10.2\%$, and we obtain $\sum m_ν < 0.167~\mathrm{eV}$ ($2σ$) in the normal hierarchy (NH) case. Furthermore, JWST also offers indicative lower limits on star formation efficiency parameter of $f_{*,10} \gtrsim 0.146-0.161$. Bayesian evidence weakly favors the $w_0w_a$CDM+$\sum m_ν$(NH) model relative to the $Λ$CDM+$\sum m_ν$(NH) model using CMB+DESI+JWST data. These results suggest that the joint analysis of high-redshift JWST data and low-redshift DESI data provides compelling constraints on neutrino mass and merits further investigation.

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Sheng-Han Zhou, Tian-Nuo Li, Guo-Hong Du, Jun-Qian Jiang, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Zhang. 2025-12-17. Measuring neutrino masses with joint JWST and DESI DR2 data. https://doi.org/10.1103/mtdg-hbqt

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