GFS: A Preemption-aware Scheduling Framework for GPU Clusters with Predictive Spot Instance Management

Jiaang Duan; Shenglin Xu; Shiyou Qian; Dingyu Yang; Kangjin Wang; Chenzhi Liao; Yinghao Yu; Qin Hua; Hanwen Hu; Qi Wang; Wenchao Wu; Dongqing Bao; Tianyu Lu; Jian Cao; Guangtao Xue; Guodong Yang; Liping Zhang; Gang Chen

arXiv · 2509.11134

GFS: A Preemption-aware Scheduling Framework for GPU Clusters with Predictive Spot Instance Management

Jiaang Duan·Shenglin Xu·Shiyou Qian·Dingyu Yang·Kangjin Wang·Chenzhi Liao·Yinghao Yu·Qin Hua·Hanwen Hu·Qi Wang·Wenchao Wu·Dongqing Bao·Tianyu Lu·Jian Cao·Guangtao Xue·Guodong Yang·Liping Zhang·Gang Chen

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Abstract

The surge in large language models (LLMs) has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of GPU usage patterns, creating an urgent need for more efficient management strategies. While cloud providers employ spot instances to reduce costs for low-priority (LP) tasks, existing schedulers still grapple with high eviction rates and lengthy queuing times. To address these limitations, we present GFS, a novel preemptive scheduling framework that enhances service-level objective (SLO) compliance for high-priority (HP) tasks while minimizing preemptions to LP tasks. Firstly, GFS utilizes a lightweight forecasting model that predicts GPU demand among different tenants, enabling proactive resource management. Secondly, GFS employs a dynamic allocation mechanism to adjust the spot quota for LP tasks with guaranteed durations. Lastly, GFS incorporates a preemptive scheduling policy that prioritizes HP tasks while minimizing the impact on LP tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of GFS through both real-world implementation and simulations. The results show that GFS reduces eviction rates by 33.0\%, and cuts queuing delays by 44.1\% for LP tasks. Furthermore, GFS enhances the GPU allocation rate by up to 22.8\% in real production clusters. In a production cluster of more than 10,000 GPUs, GFS yields roughly \$459,715 in monthly benefits.

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Jiaang Duan, Shenglin Xu, Shiyou Qian, Dingyu Yang, Kangjin Wang, Chenzhi Liao, Yinghao Yu, Qin Hua, Hanwen Hu, Qi Wang, Wenchao Wu, Dongqing Bao, Tianyu Lu, Jian Cao, Guangtao Xue, Guodong Yang, Liping Zhang, Gang Chen. 2025-09-14. GFS: A Preemption-aware Scheduling Framework for GPU Clusters with Predictive Spot Instance Management. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11134

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