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arXiv · 2509.11374

Transformer Enhanced Relation Classification: A Comparative Analysis of Contextuality, Data Efficiency and Sequence Complexity

Bowen Jing·Yang Cui·Tianpeng Huang
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Abstract

In the era of large language model, relation extraction (RE) plays an important role in information extraction through the transformation of unstructured raw text into structured data (Wadhwa et al., 2023). In this paper, we systematically compare the performance of deep supervised learning approaches without transformers and those with transformers. We used a series of non-transformer architectures such as PA-LSTM(Zhang et al., 2017), C-GCN(Zhang et al., 2018), and AGGCN(attention guide GCN)(Guo et al., 2019), and a series of transformer architectures such as BERT, RoBERTa, and R-BERT(Wu and He, 2019). Our comparison included traditional metrics like micro F1, as well as evaluations in different scenarios, varying sentence lengths, and different percentages of the dataset for training. Our experiments were conducted on TACRED, TACREV, and RE-TACRED. The results show that transformer-based models outperform non-transformer models, achieving micro F1 scores of 80-90% compared to 64-67% for non-transformer models. Additionally, we briefly review the research journey in supervised relation classification and discuss the role and current status of large language models (LLMs) in relation extraction.

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Bowen Jing, Yang Cui, Tianpeng Huang. 2025-09-14. Transformer Enhanced Relation Classification: A Comparative Analysis of Contextuality, Data Efficiency and Sequence Complexity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11374

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