Fabrication of hydrogen-bonded metal inorganic-organic complex glasses by ligand-tuning approach

Tianzhao Xu; Zhencai Li; Jia-Xin Wu; Zihao Wang; Hanmeng Zhang; Huotian Zhang; Lars R. Jensen; Kenji Shinozaki; Feng Gao; Haomiao Zhu; Ivan Hung; Zhehong Gan; Jinjun Ren; Zheng Yin; Ming-Hua Zeng; Yuanzheng Yue

arXiv · 2509.24755

Fabrication of hydrogen-bonded metal inorganic-organic complex glasses by ligand-tuning approach

Tianzhao Xu·Zhencai Li·Jia-Xin Wu·Zihao Wang·Hanmeng Zhang·Huotian Zhang·Lars R. Jensen·Kenji Shinozaki·Feng Gao·Haomiao Zhu·Ivan Hung·Zhehong Gan·Jinjun Ren·Zheng Yin·Ming-Hua Zeng·Yuanzheng Yue

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Abstract

Metal inorganic-organic complex (MIOC) crystals are a new category of hybrid glass formers. However, the glass-forming compositions of MIOC crystals are limited due to lack of both a general design principle for such compositions and a deep understanding of the structure and formation mechanism for MIOC glasses. This work reports a general approach for synthesizing glass-forming MIOC crystals. In detail, the principle of this approach is based on the creation of hydrogen-bonded structural network by substituting acid anions for imidazole or benzimidazole ligands in the tetrahedral units of zeolitic imidazolate framework crystals. By tuning the metal centers, anions, and organic ligands of MIOCs, supramolecular unit structures can be designed to construct supramolecular networks and thereby enable property modulation. Furthermore, mixed-ligand synthesis yielded a mixed-crystal system in which the glass-transition temperature (Tg) can be linearly tuned from 282 K to 360 K through gradual substitution of benzimidazole for imidazole. Interestingly, upon vitrification, MIOCs were observed to undergo reorganization of hydrogen-bonded networks, with retention of tetrahedral units, short-range disorder, and the freezing of multiple conformations. This work offers a new strategy to systematically expand the glass-forming compositional range of MIOCs and to develop functional MIOC glasses.

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Tianzhao Xu, Zhencai Li, Jia-Xin Wu, Zihao Wang, Hanmeng Zhang, Huotian Zhang, Lars R. Jensen, Kenji Shinozaki, Feng Gao, Haomiao Zhu, Ivan Hung, Zhehong Gan, Jinjun Ren, Zheng Yin, Ming-Hua Zeng, Yuanzheng Yue. 2025-09-29. Fabrication of hydrogen-bonded metal inorganic-organic complex glasses by ligand-tuning approach. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24755

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