JEF-Hinter: Leveraging Offline Knowledge for Improving Web Agents Adaptation

Hadi Nekoei; Aman Jaiswal; Patrice Bechard; Oleh Shliazhko; Orlando Marquez Ayala; Mathieu Reymond; Massimo Caccia; Alexandre Drouin; Sarath Chandar; Alexandre Lacoste

arXiv · 2510.04373

JEF-Hinter: Leveraging Offline Knowledge for Improving Web Agents Adaptation

Hadi Nekoei·Aman Jaiswal·Patrice Bechard·Oleh Shliazhko·Orlando Marquez Ayala·Mathieu Reymond·Massimo Caccia·Alexandre Drouin·Sarath Chandar·Alexandre Lacoste

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Abstract

Large language model (LLM) agents perform well in sequential decision-making tasks, but improving them on unfamiliar domains often requires costly online interactions or fine-tuning on large expert datasets. These strategies are impractical for closed-source models and expensive for open-source ones, with risks of catastrophic forgetting. Offline trajectories offer reusable knowledge, yet demonstration-based methods struggle because raw traces are long, noisy, and tied to specific tasks. We present Just-in-time Episodic Feedback Hinter (JEF-Hinter), an agentic system that distills offline traces into compact, context-aware hints. A zooming mechanism highlights decisive steps in long trajectories, capturing both strategies and pitfalls. Unlike prior methods, JEF-Hinter leverages both successful and failed trajectories, extracting guidance even when only failure data is available, while supporting parallelized hint generation and benchmark-independent prompting. At inference, a retriever selects relevant hints for the current state, providing targeted guidance with transparency and traceability. Experiments on MiniWoB++, WorkArena-L1, and WebArena-Lite show that JEF-Hinter consistently outperforms strong baselines, including human- and document-based hints.

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Hadi Nekoei, Aman Jaiswal, Patrice Bechard, Oleh Shliazhko, Orlando Marquez Ayala, Mathieu Reymond, Massimo Caccia, Alexandre Drouin, Sarath Chandar, Alexandre Lacoste. 2026-02-20. JEF-Hinter: Leveraging Offline Knowledge for Improving Web Agents Adaptation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04373

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