Deformable Image Registration for Self-supervised Cardiac Phase Detection in Multi-View Multi-Disease Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images

Sven Koehler; Sarah Kaye Mueller; Jonathan Kiekenap; Gerald Greil; Tarique Hussain; Samir Sarikouch; Florian André; Norbert Frey; Sandy Engelhardt

doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104142

arXiv · 2510.05819

Deformable Image Registration for Self-supervised Cardiac Phase Detection in Multi-View Multi-Disease Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images

Sven Koehler·Sarah Kaye Mueller·Jonathan Kiekenap·Gerald Greil·Tarique Hussain·Samir Sarikouch·Florian André·Norbert Frey·Sandy Engelhardt

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Abstract

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for assessing cardiac function, but individual cardiac cycles complicate automatic temporal comparison or sub-phase analysis. Accurate cardiac keyframe detection can eliminate this problem. However, automatic methods solely derive end-systole (ES) and end-diastole (ED) frames from left ventricular volume curves, which do not provide a deeper insight into myocardial motion. We propose a self-supervised deep learning method detecting five keyframes in short-axis (SAX) and four-chamber long-axis (4CH) cine CMR. Initially, dense deformable registration fields are derived from the images and used to compute a 1D motion descriptor, which provides valuable insights into global cardiac contraction and relaxation patterns. From these characteristic curves, keyframes are determined using a simple set of rules. The method was independently evaluated for both views using three public, multicentre, multidisease datasets. M&Ms-2 (n=360) dataset was used for training and evaluation, and M&Ms (n=345) and ACDC (n=100) datasets for repeatability control. Furthermore, generalisability to patients with rare congenital heart defects was tested using the German Competence Network (GCN) dataset. Our self-supervised approach achieved improved detection accuracy by 30% - 51% for SAX and 11% - 47% for 4CH in ED and ES, as measured by cyclic frame difference (cFD), compared with the volume-based approach. We can detect ED and ES, as well as three additional keyframes throughout the cardiac cycle with a mean cFD below 1.31 frames for SAX and 1.73 for LAX. Our approach enables temporally aligned inter- and intra-patient analysis of cardiac dynamics, irrespective of cycle or phase lengths. GitHub repository: https://github.com/Cardio-AI/cmr-multi-view-phase-detection.git

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Sven Koehler, Sarah Kaye Mueller, Jonathan Kiekenap, Gerald Greil, Tarique Hussain, Samir Sarikouch, Florian André, Norbert Frey, Sandy Engelhardt. 2025-10-07. Deformable Image Registration for Self-supervised Cardiac Phase Detection in Multi-View Multi-Disease Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104142

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