SWE-IF: Aligning Code Evaluation with Human Preference

Ming Zhong; Xiang Zhou; Ting-Yun Chang; Qingze Wang; Nan Xu; Xiance Si; Dan Garrette; Shyam Upadhyay; Jeremiah Liu; Jiawei Han; Benoit Schillings; Jiao Sun

arXiv · 2510.07315

SWE-IF: Aligning Code Evaluation with Human Preference

Ming Zhong·Xiang Zhou·Ting-Yun Chang·Qingze Wang·Nan Xu·Xiance Si·Dan Garrette·Shyam Upadhyay·Jeremiah Liu·Jiawei Han·Benoit Schillings·Jiao Sun

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Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have catalyzed vibe coding, where users leverage LLMs to generate and iteratively refine code through natural language interactions until it passes their vibe check. Vibe check reflects human preference and goes beyond functionality: the solution should feel right, read cleanly, preserve intent, and remain correct. However, current code evaluation remains anchored to pass@k and captures only functional correctness, overlooking non-functional instructions that users routinely apply. In this paper, we hypothesize that instruction following is the missing piece underlying vibe check besides functional correctness. To quantify models' code instruction-following capabilities with measurable signals, we present VeriCode, a taxonomy of 30 verifiable code instructions together with deterministic verifiers. We use the taxonomy to augment established evaluation suites, resulting in SWE-IF, a testbed to assess both instruction following and functional correctness. Evaluating 31 LLMs, we show that even the strongest models struggle to comply with multiple instructions and exhibit functional regression. Most importantly, a composite score of functional correctness and instruction following correlates best with human preference, with instruction following emerging as the primary differentiator among LLMs. Our code, data, and taxonomy are available at https://github.com/maszhongming/SWE-IF.

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BibTeX RIS

Ming Zhong, Xiang Zhou, Ting-Yun Chang, Qingze Wang, Nan Xu, Xiance Si, Dan Garrette, Shyam Upadhyay, Jeremiah Liu, Jiawei Han, Benoit Schillings, Jiao Sun. 2026-06-05. SWE-IF: Aligning Code Evaluation with Human Preference. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07315

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