Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2510.08384

A study of 2-periodic weft-knitted textiles using the theory of knots and links

Miriam Kuzbary·Shashank G. Markande·Elisabetta A. Matsumoto·Stanley Pritchard
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

In this study, we use a correspondence between two-periodic weft-knitted textiles and links in the thickened torus to study the former using link invariants. We establish a criterion to identify the set of links whose elements are realized through techniques of weft-knitting leading to new, unconventional types of weft-knitting stitch patterns. A crucial topological underpinning of these links is shown to be their correspondence with ribbon knots and links in Euclidean three-space and equivalently in the three-sphere. Using the mechanics of weft-knitting, we propose a protocol for constructing and enumerating links in the thickened torus that can be knitted as a motif of a weft-knitted textile, and we call such links \emph{swatches}. Based on our analysis of link invariants of swatches, we propose conjectures on hyperbolic structure of the link complements of swatches and their multivariable Alexander polynomials.

Explore related subjects

math.GTmath.GN

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Miriam Kuzbary, Shashank G. Markande, Elisabetta A. Matsumoto, Stanley Pritchard. 2025-10-10. A study of 2-periodic weft-knitted textiles using the theory of knots and links. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08384

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Word Length Formulae, Normal Forms, Conjugation and Root-finding Algorithms in Surface Groups

In this paper, we mainly study the following symmetric presentation of the surface group $$π_1(Σ_g)=\left\langle c_1,\dots, c_{2g}\mid c_1\cdots c_{2g}c_1^{-1}\cdots c_{2g}^{-1}\right\rangle.$$ For every nontrivial element $x\in π_1(Σ_g)$ and $k\geq 2$, we obtain a uniform representative of the normal forms $\mathfrak{nf}(x^k)$ of $x^k$ under the length-lexicographical order: $$\mathfrak{nf}(x^k) = \overline{LW^{k-2}R}.$$ Building on this result, we establish a new relation among these normal forms, and then derive the following three formulae related to the word length: $|x^2|>|x|$; $|x^k|=(k-1)(|x^2|-|x|)+|x|$; $\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{|x^k|}{k}=|x^2|-|x|$. Furthermore, we extend these results to obtain a coarser analogue for every minimal geometric presentation. We then define normal forms of conjugacy classes in $π_1(Σ_g)$ and provide a criterion for determining the conjugacy of group elements. As a consequence, we provide efficient algorithms for solving the root-finding and conjugacy problems. Finally, we present applications to the computation of several growth rates.

math.GT↗
arXiv2026

Barbell twists are natural

For any oriented smooth $4$--manifold $X$ diffeomorphic to $(S^2\times D^2)^{\natural n}$ ($n\geq0$), the author establishes a natural isomorphism of abelian groups: $$\mathrm{Mod}(X,\partial X)\cong \mathrm{Mod}(D^4,\partial D^4)\times\wedge^2H_2(X;\mathbb{Z}),$$ concerning the (smooth) boundary-fixing mapping class group of $X$. For $n=2$, the Budney--Gabai barbell twist $φ\in\mathrm{Mod}(\mathcal{N},\partial\mathcal{N})$ is identified with a generator of the factor subgroup $\wedge^2H_2(\mathcal{N};\mathbb{Z})\cong\mathbb{Z}$. Up to boundary-fixing diffeotopy, the barbell spines of $\mathcal{N}$ are completely classified by the bases of $H_2(\mathcal{N};\mathbb{Z})\cong\mathbb{Z}^2$, forming a homogeneous set modeled on the group $\mathrm{GL}(H_2(\mathcal{N};\mathbb{Z}))\cong\mathrm{GL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$. Any barbell spine of $\mathcal{N}$ gives rise to an implanted barbell twist equal to $φ$ or $φ^{-1}$ in $\mathrm{Mod}(\mathcal{N},\partial \mathcal{N})$, according to the sign of the homological basis orientation.

math.GT↗
arXiv2026

Plane separating continua inscribe rectangles

We prove the following: If $X$ is a plane separating continuum, then every embedding of $X$ into $\mathbb{R}^2$ contains the vertices of a Euclidean rectangle. We arrive to this result by extending a known result by H. Vaughan for Jordan curves to a wider class of topological objects via shape theory and Steenrod homology.

math.GT↗