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arXiv · 2510.11893

Symmetry breaking in the liquid drop model with screened interactions

Lia Bronsard·Benoît Merlet·Marc Pegon
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Abstract

We investigate liquid drop models with screened Riesz-type interactions, focusing in particular on truncated Coulomb and Yukawa potentials in three dimensions. While in the classical Gamow model with Coulomb interaction the only minimizers are balls, as recently proved by Chodosh and Gianocca (2026), we show that this is no longer true if the interaction is screened. In the case of truncated Coulomb and Yukawa potentials, we prove that for some values of the parameter, there exist connected minimizers which are not balls. For truncated Coulomb potentials, we further obtain genuine symmetry breaking by showing existence of non-radial connected minimizers. This gives the first evidence of minimizers which are not balls in three dimensions, and the first evidence of non-radial minimizers altogether, in the class of radial kernels. Our approach relies on a comparison of the energy-per-mass ratios of balls, core-shells and cylinders.

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Lia Bronsard, Benoît Merlet, Marc Pegon. 2026-09-06. Symmetry breaking in the liquid drop model with screened interactions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11893

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