Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models

Jusheng Zhang; Xiaoyang Guo; Tongyu Mo; Qinhan Lv; Wenhao Chai; Jian Wang; Keze Wang; Liang Lin

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arXiv · 2512.08240

Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models

Jusheng Zhang·Xiaoyang Guo·Tongyu Mo·Qinhan Lv·Wenhao Chai·Jian Wang·Keze Wang·Liang Lin

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Abstract

Vision-language models (VLMs) rely on hundreds of visual tokens, leading to high computational and memory costs. Existing compression methods face a trade-off: continuous compression can weaken high-level semantics, while discrete quantization may lose fine-grained appearance details. We introduce HTC-VLM, a hybrid visual token compression framework that disentangles semantics and appearance through two complementary pathways. A continuous pathway preserves detailed ViT patch features, while a discrete pathway provides semantic anchors using MGVQ quantization represented by four tokens. The two pathways are fused into a 580-token hybrid sequence and compressed into a single token using a disentanglement attention mask and a bottleneck. Under the same one-token output budget, HTC-VLM achieves 87.2% average performance retention across seven benchmarks (GQA, VQAv2, MMBench, MME, POPE, SEED-Bench, and ScienceQA-Image), outperforming the leading continuous baseline at 81.0%. Attention analysis shows that the compressed token prioritizes discrete anchors, supporting their role as semantic guidance. We further study token-budget scaling, cross-architecture generalization, inference efficiency, robustness to codebook and masking variations, and the information-theoretic properties of the hybrid bottleneck. These results show that combining continuous appearance features with discrete semantic anchors enables effective extreme visual token compression for efficient VLMs.

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BibTeX RIS

Jusheng Zhang, Xiaoyang Guo, Tongyu Mo, Qinhan Lv, Wenhao Chai, Jian Wang, Keze Wang, Liang Lin. 2026-08-11. Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08240

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