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arXiv · 2512.10032

Cluster-Dags as Powerful Background Knowledge For Causal Discovery

Jan Marco Ruiz de Vargas·Kirtan Padh·Niki Kilbertus
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Abstract

Finding cause-effect relationships is of key importance in science. Causal discovery aims to recover a graph from data that succinctly describes these cause-effect relationships. However, current methods face several challenges, especially when dealing with high-dimensional data and complex dependencies. Incorporating prior knowledge about the system can aid causal discovery. In this work, we leverage Cluster-DAGs as a prior knowledge framework to warm-start causal discovery. We show that Cluster-DAGs offer greater flexibility than existing approaches based on tiered background knowledge and introduce two modified constraint-based algorithms, Cluster-PC and Cluster-FCI, for causal discovery in the fully and partially observed setting, respectively. Empirical evaluation on simulated data demonstrates that Cluster-PC and Cluster-FCI outperform their respective baselines without prior knowledge.

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Jan Marco Ruiz de Vargas, Kirtan Padh, Niki Kilbertus. 2026-08-26. Cluster-Dags as Powerful Background Knowledge For Causal Discovery. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10032

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