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arXiv · 2512.13043

GTR-Turbo: Merged Checkpoint is Secretly a Free Teacher for Agentic VLM Training

Tong Wei·Yijun Yang·Changhao Zhang·Junliang Xing·Yuanchun Shi·Zongqing Lu·Deheng Ye
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Abstract

Multi-turn reinforcement learning (RL) for multi-modal agents built upon vision-language models (VLMs) is hampered by sparse rewards and long-horizon credit assignment. Recent methods densify the reward by querying a teacher that provides step-level feedback, e.g., Guided Thought Reinforcement (GTR) and On-Policy Distillation, but rely on costly, often privileged models as the teacher, limiting practicality and reproducibility. We introduce GTR-Turbo, a highly efficient upgrade to GTR that matches its performance without training on or querying an expensive teacher model. Specifically, GTR-Turbo merges the weights of checkpoints produced during ongoing RL training and then uses the resulting merged model as a "free" teacher to guide subsequent RL via supervised fine-tuning or soft logit distillation. This design removes dependence on privileged VLMs (e.g., GPT or Gemini), mitigates the "entropy collapse" observed in prior work, and maintains stable training. Across diverse visual agentic tasks, GTR-Turbo improves the accuracy of the baseline model by 10-30% while reducing wall-clock training time by 50% and compute cost by 60% relative to GTR.

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Tong Wei, Yijun Yang, Changhao Zhang, Junliang Xing, Yuanchun Shi, Zongqing Lu, Deheng Ye. 2026-03-11. GTR-Turbo: Merged Checkpoint is Secretly a Free Teacher for Agentic VLM Training. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13043

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