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arXiv · 2601.00655

Interpretability-Guided Bi-objective Optimization: Aligning Accuracy and Explainability

Kasra Fouladi·Hamta Rahmani
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Abstract

This paper introduces Interpretability-Guided Bi-objective Optimization (IGBO), a framework that trains interpretable models by incorporating structured domain knowledge via a bi-objective formulation. IGBO encodes feature importance hierarchies as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) via Central Limit Theorem-based construction and uses Temporal Integrated Gradients (TIG) to measure feature importance. The framework employs a novel Relative Importance Score Hk(X, θ) that quantifies the normalized cumulative attribution of each feature over time. We propose a geometric projection mapping P for combining task and interpretability gradients, and prove convergence to Pareto-stationary points. To address the Out-of-Distribution problem in TIG computation, we outline an Optimal Path Oracle architecture, which we leave for future work. Central Limit Theorem-based construction of the interpretability DAG provides statistical guarantees on acyclicity and transitivity, with an unconditional guarantee for the median threshold and conditional guarantees for higher confidence levels.

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Kasra Fouladi, Hamta Rahmani. 2026-05-06. Interpretability-Guided Bi-objective Optimization: Aligning Accuracy and Explainability. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.00655

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