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arXiv · 2603.04674

Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma

Kaiyu Fu·Biaogang Wu·Ralf Rapp
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Abstract

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a strongly coupled medium in which both open and hidden charm particles experience substantial nonperturbative interactions. This poses a major challenge for a quantitative description of charmonium transport in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as it requires a mutually consistent treatment of pertinent transport coefficients. In this work, we present a coupled charm-charmonium transport framework for a strongly coupled QGP based on thermodynamic $T$-matrix interactions with recent constraints from Wilson-line correlators (WLCs) computed in lattice QCD. For the first time, the same underlying heavy-light interactions and in-medium spectral functions are used to self-consistently evaluate charm-quark diffusion and charmonium kinetics. In particular, the charmonium equilibrium limit, a critical transport parameter for regeneration, is evaluated in the presence of broad spectral functions. Charm-quark diffusion is simulated via Langevin dynamics and coupled to a Boltzmann equation for charmonium dissociation and regeneration. The equilibrium limit of the statistical model is recovered once charm quarks thermalize, and its extension to describe off-equilibrium is constructed. Preliminary applications to charmonium observables in Pb--Pb collisions at the LHC capture the measured centrality and momentum dependence fairly well.

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Kaiyu Fu, Biaogang Wu, Ralf Rapp. 2026-03-04. Coupled charm and charmonium transport in a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04674

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