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arXiv · 2603.13186

Learnability and Privacy Vulnerability are Entangled in a Few Critical Weights

Xingli Fang·Jung-Eun Kim
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Abstract

Prior approaches for membership privacy preservation usually update or retrain all weights in neural networks, which is costly and can lead to unnecessary utility loss or even more serious misalignment in predictions between training data and non-training data. In this work, we observed three insights: i) privacy vulnerability exists in a very small fraction of weights; ii) however, most of those weights also critically impact utility performance; iii) the importance of weights stems from their locations rather than their values. According to these insights, to preserve privacy, we score critical weights, and instead of discarding those neurons, we rewind only the weights for fine-tuning. We show that, through extensive experiments, this mechanism exhibits outperforming resilience in most cases against Membership Inference Attacks while maintaining utility.

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Xingli Fang, Jung-Eun Kim. 2026-03-13. Learnability and Privacy Vulnerability are Entangled in a Few Critical Weights. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13186

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