When Verification Hurts: Asymmetric Effects of Multi-Agent Feedback in Logic Proof Tutoring

Tahreem Yasir; Sutapa Dey Tithi; Benyamin Tabarsi; Dmitri Droujkov; Sam Gilson Yasitha Rajapaksha; Xiaoyi Tian; Arun Ramesh; DongKuan; Xu; Tiffany Barnes

arXiv · 2603.27076

When Verification Hurts: Asymmetric Effects of Multi-Agent Feedback in Logic Proof Tutoring

Tahreem Yasir·Sutapa Dey Tithi·Benyamin Tabarsi·Dmitri Droujkov·Sam Gilson Yasitha Rajapaksha·Xiaoyi Tian·Arun Ramesh·DongKuan·Xu·Tiffany Barnes

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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated tutoring, but their reliability in structured symbolic domains remains unclear. We study step-level feedback for propositional logic proofs, which require precise symbolic reasoning aligned with a learner's current proof state. We introduce a knowledge-graph-grounded benchmark of 516 unique proof states with step-level annotations and difficulty metrics. Unlike prior tutoring evaluations that rely on model self-assessment or binary correctness, our framework enables fine-grained analysis of feedback quality against verified solution paths. We evaluate three role-specialized pipelines with varying solution access: Tutor (partial solution access), Teacher (full derivation access), and Judge (verification of Tutor feedback). Our results reveal a striking asymmetry: verification improves outcomes when upstream feedback is error-prone (<70% accuracy), but degrades performance by 4-6 percentage points through over-specification when feedback is already reliable (>85%). Critically, we identify a shared complexity ceiling; no model or pipeline reliably succeeds on proof states exceeding complexity 4-5. These findings challenge the assumption that adding verifiers or richer context universally improves tutoring, motivating adaptive, difficulty-aware architectures that route problems by estimated complexity and upstream reliability.

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Tahreem Yasir, Sutapa Dey Tithi, Benyamin Tabarsi, Dmitri Droujkov, Sam Gilson Yasitha Rajapaksha, Xiaoyi Tian, Arun Ramesh, DongKuan, Xu, Tiffany Barnes. 2026-03-28. When Verification Hurts: Asymmetric Effects of Multi-Agent Feedback in Logic Proof Tutoring. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27076

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