CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild

CocoaBench Team; Shibo Hao; Zhining Zhang; Zhiqi Liang; Tianyang Liu; Yuheng Zha; Qiyue Gao; Jixuan Chen; Zilong Wang; Zhoujun Cheng; Haoxiang Zhang; Junli Wang; Hexi Jin; Boyuan Zheng; Kun Zhou; Yu Wang; Feng Yao; Licheng Liu; Yijiang Li; Zhifei Li; Zhengtao Han; Pracha Promthaw; Tommaso Cerruti; Xiaohan Fu; Ziqiao Ma; Jingbo Shang; Lianhui Qin; Julian McAuley; Eric P. Xing; Zhengzhong Liu; Rupesh Kumar Srivastava; Zhiting Hu

arXiv · 2604.11201

CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild

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Abstract

LLM agents now perform strongly in software engineering, deep research, GUI automation, and various other applications, while recent agent scaffolds and models are increasingly integrating these capabilities into unified systems. Yet, most evaluations still test these capabilities in isolation, which leaves a gap for more diverse use cases that require agents to combine different capabilities. We introduce CocoaBench, a benchmark for unified digital agents built from human-designed, long-horizon tasks that require flexible composition of vision, search, and coding. Tasks are specified only by an instruction and an automatic evaluation function over the final output, enabling reliable and scalable evaluation across diverse agent infrastructures. We also present CocoaAgent, a lightweight shared scaffold for controlled comparison across model backbones. Experiments show that current agents remain far from reliable on CocoaBench, with the best evaluated system achieving only 45.1% success rate. Our analysis further points to substantial room for improvement in reasoning and planning, tool use and execution, and visual grounding.

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CocoaBench Team, Shibo Hao, Zhining Zhang, Zhiqi Liang, Tianyang Liu, Yuheng Zha, Qiyue Gao, Jixuan Chen, Zilong Wang, Zhoujun Cheng, Haoxiang Zhang, Junli Wang, Hexi Jin, Boyuan Zheng, Kun Zhou, Yu Wang, Feng Yao, Licheng Liu, Yijiang Li, Zhifei Li, Zhengtao Han, Pracha Promthaw, Tommaso Cerruti, Xiaohan Fu, Ziqiao Ma, Jingbo Shang, Lianhui Qin, Julian McAuley, Eric P. Xing, Zhengzhong Liu, Rupesh Kumar Srivastava, Zhiting Hu. 2026-04-14. CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11201

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