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arXiv · 2604.25665

LLM-ReSum: A Framework for LLM Reflective Summarization through Self-Evaluation

Huyen Nguyen·Haoxuan Zhang·Yang Zhang·Haihua Chen·Junhua Ding
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Abstract

Reliable evaluation of large language model (LLM)-generated summaries remains an open challenge, particularly across heterogeneous domains and document lengths. We conduct a comprehensive meta-evaluation of 14 automatic summarization metrics and LLM-based evaluators across seven datasets spanning five domains, covering documents from short news articles to long scientific, governmental, and legal texts (2K-27K words) with over 1,500 human-annotated summaries. Our results show that traditional lexical overlap metrics (e.g., ROUGE, BLEU) exhibit weak or negative correlation with human judgments, while task-specific neural metrics and LLM-based evaluators achieve substantially higher alignment, especially for linguistic quality assessment. Leveraging these findings, we propose LLM-ReSum, a self-reflective summarization framework that integrates LLM-based evaluation and generation in a closed feedback loop without model finetuning. Across three domains, LLM-ReSum improves low-quality summaries by up to 33% in factual accuracy and 39% in coverage, with human evaluators preferring refined summaries in 89% of cases. We additionally introduce PatentSumEval, a new human-annotated benchmark for legal document summarization comprising 180 expert-evaluated summaries. All code and datasets will be released in GitHub.

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Huyen Nguyen, Haoxuan Zhang, Yang Zhang, Haihua Chen, Junhua Ding. 2026-06-21. LLM-ReSum: A Framework for LLM Reflective Summarization through Self-Evaluation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25665

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