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arXiv · 2604.26419

Delineating Knowledge Boundaries for Honest Large Vision-Language Models

Junru Song·Yimeng Hu·Yijing Chen·Huining Li·Qian Li·Lizhen Cui·Yuntao Du
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Abstract

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable multimodal performance yet remain prone to factual hallucinations, particularly in long-tail or specialized domains. Moreover, current models exhibit a weak capacity to refuse queries that exceed their parametric knowledge. In this paper, we propose a systematic framework to enhance the refusal capability of VLMs when facing such unknown questions. We first curate a model-specific "Visual-Idk" (Visual-I don't know) dataset, leveraging multi-sample consistency probing to distinguish between known and unknown facts. We then align the model using supervised fine-tuning followed by preference-aware optimization (e.g., DPO, ORPO) to effectively delineate its knowledge boundaries. Results on the Visual-Idk dataset show our method improves the Truthful Rate from 57.9\% to 67.3\%. Additionally, internal probing also demonstrates that the model genuinely recognizes its boundaries instead of just memorizing refusal patterns. Our framework further generalizes to out-of-distribution medical and perceptual domains, providing a robust path toward more trustworthy and prudent visual assistants.

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Junru Song, Yimeng Hu, Yijing Chen, Huining Li, Qian Li, Lizhen Cui, Yuntao Du. 2026-04-29. Delineating Knowledge Boundaries for Honest Large Vision-Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.26419

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