UVTran: Accurate Hole-Filling Parameterization with Transformers

Abstract

In industrial design, N-sided hole filling is typically formulated as the construction of a single trimmed B-spline surface by minimizing a fairness energy subject to geometric boundary constraints. This formulation requires an accurate parameter-space representation of the trimming curve on the filling surface. Most existing methods project the hole boundary onto a nearby plane or polygon to establish correspondence; however, they often neglect boundary heterogeneity, which can yield biased mappings, degrade fairness, and even cause filling failures. We propose UVTran, a transformer-based framework that predicts an auxiliary projection surface better to capture the geometric characteristics of the hole boundary. Exploiting B-spline locality, we design a cross-attention mechanism that biases each surface control point toward the nearby hole boundary, preserving local geometric detail. We voxelize control-point coordinates and formulate the fitting problem as a classification task, which reduces the model's sensitivity to small numerical perturbations and noise. We adopt a progressive-resolution training strategy that injects controlled discretization errors at coarse resolutions to mimic distribution shifts, thereby mitigating overfitting and improving generalization at high resolution. On our benchmark, UVTran outperforms both industrial and academic baselines: the tolerance-satisfaction rate improves by $12\%$, and it consistently produces fair filled surfaces even under complex hole boundary conditions. These results suggest that UVTran yields more faithful correspondences and fairer trimmed surfaces across a wide range of N-sided holes.