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arXiv · 2605.17721

EXG: Self-Evolving Agents with Experience Graphs

Yuxin Jin·Siyuan Zhang·Hanchen Wang·Lu Qin·Ying Zhang·Wenjie Zhang
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Abstract

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex reasoning and problem solving through multi-step interactions, yet most deployed agents remain behaviorally static, with knowledge acquired during execution rarely translating into systematic improvement over time. In response, a growing line of work on self-evolving agents explores how agents can improve through experience during deployment, but most existing approaches either rely on ad hoc reflection limited to single-task correction or adopt unstructured memory that accumulates fragmented experience with delayed usability. To address this limitation, we introduce EXG, an experience graph framework for self-evolving agents that explicitly organizes accumulated successes and failures into a structured, relational representation. EXG is the first experience graph designed for self-evolving agents, supporting both online, real-time graph growth during execution for immediate cross-task experience reuse, and offline reuse of a consolidated experience graph as an external memory module. This design also enables EXG to serve as a plug-and-play component for existing self-evolving agents, organizing prior experience into a unified experience graph and improving both solution quality and resource efficiency as deployment progresses. Extensive experiments across code generation and reasoning benchmarks show that EXG attains more favorable performance-efficiency trade-offs than reflection- and memory-based baselines in both online and offline evaluations. Our results suggest that structuring experience as a graph provides a principled foundation for scalable and transferable self-evolving agent behavior.

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Yuxin Jin, Siyuan Zhang, Hanchen Wang, Lu Qin, Ying Zhang, Wenjie Zhang. 2026-05-18. EXG: Self-Evolving Agents with Experience Graphs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17721

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